Model and Observational Studies of the High Latitude Oceans

高纬度海洋的模型和观测研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04357
• 负责人: Myers, Paul
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=688306
• 关键词: Model; Observational; Studies; Latitude; Oceans

The thematic focus of the proposal is climate and ocean dynamics in the Arctic, Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and the Labrador Sea. The Arctic and subarctic regions are expected to experience particularly large amplitude changes in response to global warming. Loss of sea ice and melting of continental ice caps are dramatic and the rate of change unprecedented. ******The CAA is a complex network of straits and basins connecting the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Northern communities across the CAA rely on this coastal environment for transportation and marine resources. It is an oceanographically complex area where the many channels of the CAA form a complex conduit of seawater that flows from the Arctic and the Pacific to the Atlantic, delivering nutrients, contaminants and biota through the CAA and beyond. The CAA will be the largest cryospheric contributor to sea level rise in the next century beyond Greenland and Antarctica.******Using high resolution numerical modelling we ask a pair of questions related to the CAA and the Arctic Ocean. By what channels (and with what specific volume and freshwater fluxes) do Arctic waters flow from the Canada Basin, through the CAA, and into the Atlantic? What will be the fate of the large amount of freshwater stored within the Beaufort Gyre of the Arctic Ocean and how will it impact the CAA? ******The Labrador Sea, off the east coast of Canada, is one of the few oceanic regions where the deep ocean exchanges gases directly with the atmosphere. Localized deep convection releases large amounts of heat to the atmosphere and the resulting Labrador Sea Water contributes to the global ocean thermohaline circulation that redistributes heat from low latitudes to the poles. Stratification changes may come from direct surface warming as well as the enhanced freshwater input from the melting of snow, multi-year sea ice and glaciers in Greenland and Canada. With the accelerating rate of warming in the high North, multiple sources of freshwater now converge on the Labrador Sea, with the potential to disrupt deep convection, meridional ocean heat transport, climate, and ocean biogeochemistry at regional and global scales. ******Using both historical data analysis, as well as high resolution numerical modelling, we ask questions related to the interactions of the Arctic/CAA and the sub-polar North Atlantic. The first key question is how (and how much) will the freshwater being routed from the Arctic Ocean and the Greenland ice sheet be taken up in the Labrador Sea and the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean? Can we determine if this transport is increasing? Looking at the impact of the sub-polar North Atlantic on the higher latitudes, we also ask what are the pathways for warm Irminger Water in the sub-polar Atlantic and does this warm water mass penetrate into the CAA? Our goal here is to improve our understanding of the transport of oceanic water to and from the fjords that contain major tidewater glaciers.

该提案的主题重点是北极，加拿大北极群岛（CAA）和拉布拉多海的气候和海洋动力学。预计北极和亚北极地区将经历特别大的幅度变化，以应对全球变暖。海冰的损失和大陆冰盖的融化是巨大的，变化速度前所未有。 ****** CAA是一个复杂的海峡和盆地网络，将北极海洋和大西洋连接起来。 CAA的北部社区依靠这种沿海环境来运输和海洋资源。这是一个海洋复杂的区域，CAA的许多通道形成了一个复杂的海水管道，从北极和太平洋流向大西洋，通​​过CAA及其他地区提供营养，污染物和生物群。 CAA将是下一个世纪以外的格陵兰岛和南极洲海平面上升的最大的冰圈贡献者。******使用高分辨率的数值建模，我们提出了一对与CAA和北极海洋有关的问题。通过哪些渠道（以及哪些特定体积和淡水通量）会从加拿大盆地，通过CAA，进入大西洋流动？在北极海上的Beaufort Gyre中存储的大量淡水的命运是什么？它将如何影响CAA？ ******在加拿大东海岸附近的拉布拉多海是深海直接与大气直接交换气体的少数海洋地区之一。局部深对流向大气中释放了大量热量，而由此产生的拉布拉多海水有助于全球海洋热 - 盐热循环，该循环将热量从低纬度重新分布。分层变化可能来自直接表面变暖，以及雪，多年海冰和格陵兰和加拿大冰川的融化，增强的淡水输入。 随着高北高温的加速速率，现在，淡水的多个来源在拉布拉多海上汇聚在一起，有可能破坏深对流，子午海洋热传输，气候和海洋生物地球化学在区域和全球尺度上。 ******使用历史数据分析以及高分辨率的数值建模，我们提出了与北极/CAA和北大西洋亚偏线相互作用有关的问题。第一个关键问题是，在拉布拉多海和亚极点北大西洋中，将如何（从北极海洋和格陵兰冰纸延伸到多少）淡水？我们可以确定这种运输是否在增加？查看北大西洋亚极性对较高纬度的影响，我们还问，在亚极大的大西洋中，温暖的水中水的途径是什么，这种温水质量是否渗透到CAA中？我们的目标是提高我们对海洋水对包含主要潮水冰川的峡湾的运输的理解。