Model and Observational Studies of the High Latitude Oceans

高纬度海洋的模型和观测研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04357
• 负责人: Myers, Paul
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=688306
• 关键词: Model; Observational; Studies; Latitude; Oceans

The thematic focus of the proposal is climate and ocean dynamics in the Arctic, Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and the Labrador Sea. The Arctic and subarctic regions are expected to experience particularly large amplitude changes in response to global warming. Loss of sea ice and melting of continental ice caps are dramatic and the rate of change unprecedented. ******The CAA is a complex network of straits and basins connecting the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Northern communities across the CAA rely on this coastal environment for transportation and marine resources. It is an oceanographically complex area where the many channels of the CAA form a complex conduit of seawater that flows from the Arctic and the Pacific to the Atlantic, delivering nutrients, contaminants and biota through the CAA and beyond. The CAA will be the largest cryospheric contributor to sea level rise in the next century beyond Greenland and Antarctica.******Using high resolution numerical modelling we ask a pair of questions related to the CAA and the Arctic Ocean. By what channels (and with what specific volume and freshwater fluxes) do Arctic waters flow from the Canada Basin, through the CAA, and into the Atlantic? What will be the fate of the large amount of freshwater stored within the Beaufort Gyre of the Arctic Ocean and how will it impact the CAA? ******The Labrador Sea, off the east coast of Canada, is one of the few oceanic regions where the deep ocean exchanges gases directly with the atmosphere. Localized deep convection releases large amounts of heat to the atmosphere and the resulting Labrador Sea Water contributes to the global ocean thermohaline circulation that redistributes heat from low latitudes to the poles. Stratification changes may come from direct surface warming as well as the enhanced freshwater input from the melting of snow, multi-year sea ice and glaciers in Greenland and Canada. With the accelerating rate of warming in the high North, multiple sources of freshwater now converge on the Labrador Sea, with the potential to disrupt deep convection, meridional ocean heat transport, climate, and ocean biogeochemistry at regional and global scales. ******Using both historical data analysis, as well as high resolution numerical modelling, we ask questions related to the interactions of the Arctic/CAA and the sub-polar North Atlantic. The first key question is how (and how much) will the freshwater being routed from the Arctic Ocean and the Greenland ice sheet be taken up in the Labrador Sea and the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean? Can we determine if this transport is increasing? Looking at the impact of the sub-polar North Atlantic on the higher latitudes, we also ask what are the pathways for warm Irminger Water in the sub-polar Atlantic and does this warm water mass penetrate into the CAA? Our goal here is to improve our understanding of the transport of oceanic water to and from the fjords that contain major tidewater glaciers.

该提案的主题重点是北极、加拿大北极群岛和拉布拉多海的气候和海洋动力学。预计北极和亚北极地区将因全球变暖而经历特别大幅度的变化。海冰的消失和大陆冰盖的融化是戏剧性的，变化的速度是前所未有的。* CAA是一个复杂的海峡和盆地网络，连接北冰洋和大西洋。 整个CAA的北方社区依赖于这种沿海环境的运输和海洋资源。这是一个海洋学上复杂的区域，CAA的许多通道形成了一个复杂的海水管道，从北极和太平洋流向大西洋，通过CAA和其他地区输送营养物质，污染物和生物群。CAA将是下一个世纪除格陵兰和南极洲以外造成海平面上升的最大冰冻圈。使用高分辨率的数值模拟，我们问一对有关CAA和北冰洋的问题。北极的沃茨从加拿大海盆经CAA流入大西洋的渠道是什么（以及具体的水量和淡水流量是多少）？储存在北冰洋博福特环流中的大量淡水的命运将是什么？它将如何影响CAA？** 拉布拉多海位于加拿大东海岸，是少数几个深海直接与大气交换气体的海洋区域之一。局部深层对流向大气释放大量热量，由此产生的拉布拉多海水有助于全球海洋温盐环流，将热量从低纬度重新分配到两极。分层变化可能来自直接的地表变暖以及格陵兰和加拿大的雪、多年海冰和冰川融化增加的淡水输入。 随着北半球高纬度地区变暖速度的加快，多个淡水来源现在汇聚在拉布拉多海，有可能在区域和全球范围内破坏深对流、赤道海洋热传输、气候和海洋地球化学。** 使用历史数据分析以及高分辨率数值模拟，我们提出了与北极/CAA和次极地北大西洋相互作用有关的问题。第一个关键问题是，从北冰洋和格陵兰冰盖流出的淡水将如何（以及有多少）被拉布拉多海和亚极地北大西洋吸收？我们能确定这种运输是否在增加吗？看看亚极地北大西洋对高纬度地区的影响，我们还问，亚极地大西洋温暖的Irminger水的途径是什么，这种温暖的水团是否渗透到CAA？我们在这里的目标是提高我们对含有主要冰川的峡湾的海洋水运输的理解。