Larval dispersal, population connectivity and species distributions in a changing ocean

不断变化的海洋中的幼虫扩散、种群连通性和物种分布

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04878
• 负责人: Metaxas, Anna
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=688793
• 关键词: Larval; dispersal; population; connectivity; species

The world's oceans face multiple anthropogenic threats, including climate change, habitat loss and invasive species, with significant impacts in most regions. Species can respond to warming temperatures by shifts in distribution or changes in the timing of physiological events. Additionally, exploitation of living and non-living resources is accelerating, and occurring at increasing depths, where species' distributions and the factors that regulate them remain poorly-known, and recovery from disturbance can take many decades. The cumulative effects of multiple stressors represent a major concern for the global ocean, and an urgent research priority. To manage multiple uses, marine spatial planning is used as a tool to inform restrictions to location, timing or types of use for an ocean region, habitat or species, and to delineate marine reserves. Studies on global change and conservation focus on the resilience of populations to perturbations and on changes in species distributions. Population connectivity refers to the exchange of individuals among populations, achieved through dispersal or migration, and can play a critical role in determining species distributions and population persistence. With the proposed program, we will evaluate the role of larval dispersal and population connectivity in species distributions in a changing ocean, with a combination of approaches including field sampling, experiments in the laboratory and predictive modelling. We will use two model systems that involve human intervention but which vary greatly in remoteness and available data: a marine invasive, Membranipora membranacea, which under future climate scenarios can lead to major shifts in kelp ecosystems in the NW Atlantic; and deep-water corals, unique deep-sea ecosystems, currently under threat by physical disturbance due to resource extraction. The marine invasive exhibits high dispersal potential and connectivity will be significant in modulating shifts in distribution. For deep-water corals, population connectivity is likely critical in sustaining viable populations, particularly in the face of anthropogenic disturbance. This program wil provide scientific information that can influence management decisions, in arenas where such information is lacking.

世界海洋面临多种人为威胁，包括气候变化，栖息地丧失和入侵物种，在大多数地区都产生重大影响。物种可以通过分布的变化或生理事件时机的变化来应对温暖的温度。此外，对生活和非生存资源的剥削正在加速，并且在越来越多的深度发生，在这种深度上，物种的分布和调节它们的因素仍然鲜为人知，而从干扰中恢复可能需要数十年。多种压力源的累积影响代表了全球海洋的主要关注点，也是紧急研究的重点。为了管理多种用途，海洋空间规划被用作限制海洋地区，栖息地或物种的位置，时机或使用类型的工具，并描述海洋储量。全球变化和保护的研究集中在人群对扰动和物种分布变化的弹性上。人口连通性是指人口之间的个人交流，通过分散或移民实现，并且可以在确定物种分布和人口持久性方面发挥关键作用。通过提出的计划，我们将评估幼体分散和种群连通性在不断变化的海洋中物种分布中的作用，并结合包括现场采样，实验室中的实验和预测性建模的方法。我们将使用涉及人类干预的两个模型系统，但在远程数据和可用数据方面有很大不同：海洋侵入性的膜膜膜，在未来的气候场景下，该膜可能会导致NW Atlantic的海带生态系统发生重大变化；和深水珊瑚，独特的深海生态系统，目前由于资源提取而受到身体干扰的威胁。海洋侵入性具有很高的分散电位，连通性在调节分布的变化方面将很重要。对于深水珊瑚，人口连通性对于维持可行的人群可能至关重要，尤其是面对人为障碍。该计划将在缺乏此类信息的领域提供科学信息，以影响管理决策。