Testing how species interactions and evolution accelerate or decelerate climate-driven range shifts

测试物种相互作用和进化如何加速或减缓气候驱动的范围变化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05073
• 负责人: Angert, Amy
• 金额: $ 4.65万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691187
• 关键词: Testing; how; species; interactions; evolution

Globally many species' ranges are shifting poleward and up in elevation. However, most observed range shifts are less than we would predict if species were perfectly tracking climate, and they differ substantially, with some moving in idiosyncratic directions and others not moving at all. My long-term objective is to explain which species lag behind climate change and why to better predict and manage impacts on biodiversity. My short-term objectives are to investigate how climate-driven range shifts are accelerated or decelerated by (1) species interactions, (2) evolutionary dynamics and (3) feedbacks between the two. ******(1) Variation in climate tracking will arise if species differ in how interactions with other species affect rates of spread (at expanding edges of range shifts) and decline (at contracting edges). For example, some species might be unable to colonize areas that have become climatically suitable but contain better competitors. The proposed work will experimentally manipulate key species interactions, seed predation and competition, along climate gradients spanning 30 plants' elevation ranges in the Cascade Mountains, to determine whether certain functional groups or range edges are more influenced by species interactions.******(2) In theory evolution can have diverse effects on range shifts, such as accelerating range expansion as better dispersers concentrate and mate at expanding range edges, decelerating range expansion as harmful mutations increase by chance in small populations at expanding range edges, or decelerating rates of range contraction if populations are able to rapidly adapt to deteriorating conditions. The proposed work will test whether variation in rates of range expansion within and among monkeyflower species is related to differences in accumulation of deleterious mutations. It will also measure the demographic effects of trait evolution to determine whether rapid adaptation to extreme climatic perturbation can rescue populations and prevent range contraction. ******(3) Species interactions could modify evolutionary responses to climate change in ways that are unpredictable without examining their feedbacks. For example, competition could accelerate rapid adaptation to a changing environment by causing additional selection, despite reducing population size, or alleviate the build-up of deleterious mutations at expanding edges by slowing rates of range expansion, allowing larger population sizes and genetic diversity to build up. We will use novel lab microcosms with duckweeds to study how species interactions affect range evolution along a moving temperature gradient.******The research will involve international collaboration, advanced skill development, and networking for 1 postdoctoral, 5 graduate, and 10 undergraduate trainees. Trainees will be equipped with transferable skills for careers in private sector, government, or academia, and knowledge to help address the ecological impacts of climate change in Canada.

在全球范围内，许多物种的活动范围正在向极地和海拔升高移动。然而，如果物种完全跟踪气候，大多数观察到的范围变化都小于我们的预测，而且它们差异很大，有些朝特殊方向移动，而另一些则根本不移动。我的长期目标是解释哪些物种滞后于气候变化，以及为什么要更好地预测和管理对生物多样性的影响。我的短期目标是研究气候驱动的范围变化如何通过（1）物种相互作用、（2）进化动力学和（3）两者之间的反馈来加速或减速。 ******(1) 如果物种在与其他物种的相互作用如何影响传播速率（在范围变化的扩大边缘）和衰退（在收缩边缘）方面存在差异，那么气候跟踪就会出现变化。例如，某些物种可能无法在气候适宜但竞争对手较多的地区定居。拟议的工作将通过实验操纵关键物种的相互作用、种子捕食和竞争，沿着喀斯喀特山脉 30 种植物海拔范围的气候梯度，以确定某些功能组或范围边缘是否更容易受到物种相互作用的影响。*****(2) 理论上，进化会对范围变化产生多种影响，例如，随着更好的分散者在扩大的范围边缘集中和交配，加速范围的扩展，减速范围 当有害突变在扩大范围边缘的小种群中偶然增加时，会导致扩大，或者如果种群能够快速适应恶化的条件，则范围缩小的速度会减慢。拟议的工作将测试猴花物种内部和之间的范围扩张率的变化是否与有害突变积累的差异有关。它还将测量性状进化对人口的影响，以确定对极端气候扰动的快速适应是否可以拯救种群并防止范围缩小。 ******(3) 物种相互作用可能会以不可预测的方式改变进化对气候变化的反应，而无需检查它们的反馈。例如，竞争可以通过引起额外的选择来加速对不断变化的环境的快速适应，尽管种群规模会减少，或者通过减缓范围扩张的速度来减轻扩大边缘的有害突变的积累，从而允许建立更大的种群规模和遗传多样性。我们将使用浮萍的新型实验室微观世界来研究物种相互作用如何影响温度梯度变化的范围演化。******该研究将涉及 1 名博士后、5 名研究生和 10 名本科生的国际合作、高级技能开发和网络建设。学员将具备在私营部门、政府或学术界就业的可转移技能，以及帮助解决加拿大气候变化生态影响的知识。