The evolutionary ecology of geographic ranges in western North American Mimulus

北美西部酸浆草地理范围的进化生态学

• 批准号: 418380-2012
• 负责人: Angert, Amy
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=643987
• 关键词: evolutionary; ecology; geographic; ranges; western

Understanding of the ecological and evolutionary controls over species' ranges lags behind the need to forecast future ranges in an era of rapid environmental change. Major questions include a) when and where geographic range edges are concordant with limits to the ecological niche, b) why niche evolution might fail at range margins, c) how range-limiting processes differ for widespread and endemic species, and d) how ranges will move in response to climate change. A lack of answers hinders management decisions concerning rare species and peripheral populations. This is of particular relevance in Canada, where many species at risk reach their northern limits. The overall goal of this research program is to develop a synthetic understanding of the ecology, evolution and conservation of species' geographic ranges. Near-term research objectives and plans are as follows: (1) Quantify the relative importance of limiting ecological factors across different range edges and for species with contrasting range sizes. We will conduct environmental manipulations and seed introductions to assess the strength of abiotic, biotic, and dispersal limitations. We will also compare physiological niche breadth of widespread and narrowly endemic species. (2) Examine constraints on niche evolution at range margins and for species with contrasting range sizes. We will conduct artificial selection to determine if edge populations lack genetic variation for range expansion. To test the hypothesis that swamping gene flow causes maladaptation at the range edge, we will simulate varying degrees of gene flow from the range interior. We will also examine patterns of niche evolution across the ranges of widespread and rare species. (3) Test methods for refining forecasts of range shifts driven by climate change. We will use experimental results from the above to help parameterize distribution models that evaluate the effects of dispersal limitation, physiological plasticity, biotic interactions, and evolutionary change on potential range shifts. Highly qualified personnel to be trained through this research include four PhD, two MS, and several undergraduate students.****

在快速环境变化时代，对物种的生态和进化控制的理解范围落后于预测未来的范围。主要问题包括a）地理范围边缘与生态基础的限制，b）为什么利基进化在范围边缘可能失败，c）范围限制过程在广泛和地方性的物种中如何有所不同，以及d）范围如何在响应气候变化的响应中移动。缺乏答案阻碍了有关稀有物种和外围人群的管理决策。这在加拿大特别有意义，许多处于危险的物种达到其北部限制。该研究计划的总体目标是对物种地理范围的生态学，进化和保护进行综合理解。近期的研究目标和计划如下：（1）量化不同范围边缘的生态因素的相对重要性以及范围对比度大小的物种的相对重要性。我们将进行环境操纵和种子介绍，以评估非生物，生物和分散局限性的强度。我们还将比较广泛而狭窄的地方物种的生理利基广度。 （2）检查范围边缘和具有对比范围尺寸的物种对利基进化的限制。我们将进行人工选择，以确定边缘种群是否缺乏范围扩展的遗传变异。为了测试淹没基因流量在范围边缘导致不适的假设，我们将模拟来自内部范围的不同程度的基因流。我们还将研究跨广泛和稀有物种范围的利基进化模式。 （3）用于精炼气候变化驱动的范围偏移预测的测试方法。我们将使用上述实验结果来帮助分布模型，以评估分散限制，生理可塑性，生物相互作用和进化变化对潜在范围转移的影响。通过这项研究培训的高素质人员包括四个博士学位，两名MS和几名本科生。****