Identification, characterisation and reduction of noise sources from flaps and their components

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The aerospace sector plays a very important role in the Canadian economy and leads in innovation with 7 times the Canadian manufacturing sector average in R&D investment. In aviation, aircraft noise emission and how it affects communities remain an important concern and risk for growth of the industry. Aviation experts and regulators recognize that enabling the growth in air traffic anticipated by 2025-2030 will require drastic reductions in aircraft noise emissions. For small to mid size commercial aircraft, such as the ones manufactured by Bombardier, the dominant sources of airframe noise are the landing gears and high-lift devices (e.g., slats and flaps). The focus of this project is on the noise produced from the flap system of the wing. One of the key challenges to be addressed is to gain a better understanding of the nature of the noise emission due to the flap system and how the different sources of noise can be mitigated. Noise generation from airframe components is a complex phenomena that involves fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, acoustic and interactions between the three disciplines. While computational aeroacoustics (CAA) can provide some insights, the field of aeroacoustics still relies heavily on wind tunnel experiments and flight tests for fundamental understanding of the phenomena and validation of CAA simulations. This project will consist primarily of wind tunnel tests, supported by CAA simulations by the industrial partner Bombardier. In this manner, an additional important contribution from the project will be to enable improvements and validation of the CAA tools used in the design of new aircraft. The experiments will consider a number of elements from the flap system that can lead to different noise generation mechanisms, including the flap edge and flap track actuators. This will be considered for a wing model without and with sweep. The results will lead to better fundamental understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for noise emission, a detailed experimental database for CAA validation and improved best practice recommendation for future aircraft design.