Enabling Planetary Sample Triage, Caching, Return, and Analysis: Surfaces

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Planetary sample return is undergoing a rennaissance. A number of space agencies (e.g., Canada: CSA; the United States: NASA; Japan: JAXA; China: CNSA; Europe: ESA; and Russia: Roscosmos) are all involved in, or rapidly advancing capabilities for, planetary sample return from diverse bodies (asteroids, the Moon, Mars, comets, Europa). ******To be effective, sample collection requires extensive research before and during sample acquisition. Such missions usually involve extensive reconnaissance to select optimum sampling sites, and place samples in a larger geological context. Sample return missions can be informed by: (i) fieldwork at suitable terrestrial analogue sites; (ii) laboratory analysis of analogue materials (produced in the lab or from field sites) and relevant planetary materials (e.g., asteroid-derived meteorites, Mars meteorites, and lunar samples); and (iii) modeling of planetary evolution and surface modification processes. By combining these three areas of activity into analysis of reconnaissance data, we can fully inform optimum sample site selection.******This RTI application is intended to advance specific analytical capabilities within our existing lab that will enhance the science value of returned samples from current and next-generation planetary sample return missions.******Specifically, we plan to enhance our capabilities to optimize sample site target selection decision-making, sample triage, and on-the-fly analysis of acquired samples. We will focus on our current strength: non-contact, non-destructive reflectance spectroscopy, in the context of the capabilities of current and future sample caching and return missions. We will analyze planetary samples non-destructively, in both ambient and controlled environments (as planetary surface conditions vary widely from that of the Earth).******We are requesting RTI funding for strategic enhancements in our capabilities as follows:******1. An upgrade “package” for our existing Bruker Vertex 70 FTIR spectrometer to extend its wavelength range into the ultraviolet and mid-infrared, to enable spectral reflectance measurements at any phase angle, and to support determination of bidirectional reflectance distribution functions;***2. High-throughput infrared optical fibers (to allow for infrared analysis of samples held in controlled environments);***3. On- and off-axis goniometer (to allow for visible-near infrared analysis of samples contained in controlled environments).***4. A multi-element sputterer/coater to simulate the effects of "space weathering" on asteroids.******Collectively, these enhancements to our capabilities will allow us to more fully characterize planetary surfaces, supporting sampling activities for multiple bodies, including missions in which Canada is involved. This will enhance Canada's role in space exploration, and provide state-of-the-art training to Canadian HQP. In addition, the equipment and techniques we develop will be applicable to mineral exploration in Canada.**