Enabling Planetary Sample Triage, Caching, Return, and Analysis: Surfaces

启用行星样本分类、缓存、返回和分析：表面

• 批准号: RTI-2020-00157
• 负责人: Cloutis, Edward
• 金额: $ 10.93万
• 依托单位: University of Winnipeg
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=693755
• 关键词: Enabling; Planetary; Sample; Triage; Caching

Planetary sample return is undergoing a rennaissance. A number of space agencies (e.g., Canada: CSA; the United States: NASA; Japan: JAXA; China: CNSA; Europe: ESA; and Russia: Roscosmos) are all involved in, or rapidly advancing capabilities for, planetary sample return from diverse bodies (asteroids, the Moon, Mars, comets, Europa). ******To be effective, sample collection requires extensive research before and during sample acquisition. Such missions usually involve extensive reconnaissance to select optimum sampling sites, and place samples in a larger geological context. Sample return missions can be informed by: (i) fieldwork at suitable terrestrial analogue sites; (ii) laboratory analysis of analogue materials (produced in the lab or from field sites) and relevant planetary materials (e.g., asteroid-derived meteorites, Mars meteorites, and lunar samples); and (iii) modeling of planetary evolution and surface modification processes. By combining these three areas of activity into analysis of reconnaissance data, we can fully inform optimum sample site selection.******This RTI application is intended to advance specific analytical capabilities within our existing lab that will enhance the science value of returned samples from current and next-generation planetary sample return missions.******Specifically, we plan to enhance our capabilities to optimize sample site target selection decision-making, sample triage, and on-the-fly analysis of acquired samples. We will focus on our current strength: non-contact, non-destructive reflectance spectroscopy, in the context of the capabilities of current and future sample caching and return missions. We will analyze planetary samples non-destructively, in both ambient and controlled environments (as planetary surface conditions vary widely from that of the Earth).******We are requesting RTI funding for strategic enhancements in our capabilities as follows:******1. An upgrade “package” for our existing Bruker Vertex 70 FTIR spectrometer to extend its wavelength range into the ultraviolet and mid-infrared, to enable spectral reflectance measurements at any phase angle, and to support determination of bidirectional reflectance distribution functions;***2. High-throughput infrared optical fibers (to allow for infrared analysis of samples held in controlled environments);***3. On- and off-axis goniometer (to allow for visible-near infrared analysis of samples contained in controlled environments).***4. A multi-element sputterer/coater to simulate the effects of "space weathering" on asteroids.******Collectively, these enhancements to our capabilities will allow us to more fully characterize planetary surfaces, supporting sampling activities for multiple bodies, including missions in which Canada is involved. This will enhance Canada's role in space exploration, and provide state-of-the-art training to Canadian HQP. In addition, the equipment and techniques we develop will be applicable to mineral exploration in Canada.**

行星样本返回正在经历复兴。许多航天机构（例如，加拿大：CSA；美国：NASA；日本：JAXA；中国：CNSA；欧洲：ESA；俄罗斯：Roscosmos）都参与从小行星、月球、火星、彗星、欧罗巴等不同天体返回行星样本的工作，或正在快速提高从不同天体返回行星样本的能力。 ******为了有效，样本收集需要在样本采集之前和样本采集过程中进行广泛的研究。此类任务通常涉及广泛的勘察，以选择最佳采样点，并将样本放置在更大的地质环境中。样本返回任务可通过以下方式进行： (i) 在合适的地面模拟地点进行实地考察； (ii) 模拟材料（在实验室或现场生产）和相关行星材料（例如小行星陨石、火星陨石和月球样本）的实验室分析； (iii) 行星演化和表面改性过程的建模。通过将这三个活动领域结合到侦察数据分析中，我们可以充分告知最佳样本点选择。******此 RTI 应用程序旨在提高我们现有实验室内的特定分析能力，从而提高当前和下一代行星样本返回任务返回样本的科学价值。******具体而言，我们计划增强我们的能力，以优化样本点目标选择决策、样本分类和所获取样本的动态分析。 样品。我们将专注于我们当前的优势：非接触式、非破坏性反射光谱，以及当前和未来样本缓存和返回任务的能力。我们将在周围环境和受控环境中对行星样本进行非破坏性分析（因为行星表面条件与地球的表面条件差异很大）。******我们正在请求 RTI 提供资金，用于战略性增强我们的能力，具体如下：******1。我们现有的 Bruker Vertex 70 FTIR 光谱仪的升级“包”，可将其波长范围扩展到紫外和中红外，以实现任何相位角的光谱反射率测量，并支持双向反射率分布函数的确定；***2。高通量红外光纤（允许对受控环境中的样品进行红外分析）；***3。轴上和离轴测角仪（允许对受控环境中的样品进行可见光-近红外分析）。***4。多元素溅射器/涂层器，用于模拟“太空风化”对小行星的影响。******总的来说，这些对我们能力的增强将使我们能够更全面地描述行星表面的特征，支持多个天体的采样活动，包括加拿大参与的任务。这将增强加拿大在太空探索中的作用，并为加拿大总部提供最先进的培训。此外，我们开发的设备和技术将适用于加拿大的矿产勘探。**