Pristine lithologies, modifications, astrobiological potential, and habitability of planetary surfaces

行星表面的原始岩性、改造、天体生物学潜力和宜居性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04582
• 负责人: Cloutis, Edward
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Winnipeg
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=681936
• 关键词: Pristine; lithologies; modifications; astrobiological; potential

Mapping the geology of planetary surfaces is an important scientific endeavour. Knowing a body's surface composition is essential for addressing issues such as: (1) ensuring the safety of human explorers; (2) identifying in situ resources that can be exploited to support extended human presence on planetary bodies; (3) helping to understand the origin and evolution of the solar system; and (4) understanding how planets evolve over time. Our ability to map the surface geology of planets is hampered by the fact that planetary surfaces (i.e., that portion of a planet that we see with remote sensing), even the surfaces of airless bodies, can be modified by their local environment. Factors such as weathering and erosion, windblown dust, solar wind and cosmic ray bombardment, desiccation due to low or no atmospheric pressure, temperature variations, and meteorite impacts can all modify the composition of a planetary surface and/or negatively affect our ability to accurately map surface geology. Conversely, by recognizing whether and how these modification processes have operated, we can gain insights into the history of a planetary body.******Among spacefaring nations, Canada stands out as being able to partner with diverse nations and space exploration organizations, and is widely recognized as an essential player in exploration missions, frequently contributing key technologies and capabilities that enable us to "punch above our weight". Similarly, the technical expertise of the Canadian space technology sector is world-class in a number of areas of remote sensing. By continuing our engagement in planetary exploration missions, we help advance Canadian science and technology, as well as gaining privileged access to data flowing from these missions, ensuring that Canada remains at the forefront of planetary exploration. Space exploration is an activity that can inspire the next generation of Canadians and lead to greater interest in science and technology.******The proposed program of research is designed to improve our ability to transform remote sensing data that we measure for planetary surfaces (from orbiters, landers, and rovers) into geological knowledge about a planet's origin, history, evolution, habitability, and astrobiological potential. This will be accomplished through a combination of laboratory studies of the effects of various surface modification processes on planetary materials and analogues, field-based studies at planetary analogue sites (with which Canada is uniquely endowed), and analysis of remote sensing data from current and future planetary missions to diverse bodies. It will involve the development and application of spectroscopy-based tools for assessing habitability, searching for biomarkers (signs of past life), and  unravelling surface modification processes to get at the underlying pristine mineralogy.**

绘制行星表面的地质是一项重要的科学努力。了解人体的表面组成对于解决以下问题至关重要：（1）确保人类探险者的安全； （2）识别可以探索的原位资源，以支持人类在行星体内的扩展存在； （3）帮助了解太阳系的起源和演变； （4）了解行星如何随着时间的流逝而发展。我们绘制行星表面地质的能力受到了这样一个事实的阻碍：行星表面（即我们以遥远灵敏度看到的行星的一部分），甚至无空体的表面也可以通过其当地环境来修改。诸如风化和侵蚀，燃孔尘，太阳风和宇宙射线轰击，由于大气压力低或没有引起的欲望，温度变化以及陨石的影响等因素都可以改变行星表面的组成和/或负面影响我们准确地绘制表面地质学的能力。相反，通过认识这些修改过程是否以及如何运作，我们可以深入了解行星机构的历史。****在太空国家中，加拿大脱颖而出，能够与大型国家和太空探索组织合作，并且被广泛认为是探索任务中的重要参与者，经常为关键技术和能力提供了贡献我们的重量，以使我们的体重高于我们。同样，加拿大太空技术领域的技术专长在许多遥感领域都处于世界一流的状态。通过继续我们参与行星探索任务，我们可以帮助进步加拿大科学技术，并获得从这些任务中流入的数据的特权访问权限，从而确保加拿大仍然处于行星探索的最前沿。太空探索是一项可以激发下一代加拿大人的活动，并引起对科学和技术的更大兴趣。****拟议的研究计划旨在提高我们对行星表面（从轨道，着陆者和漫游者（从轨道，陆地和漫游者）（从轨道，陆地上）进行衡量的遥感数据的能力，这些数据（来自轨道，陆上和漫游者）成为有关星球起源，历史，历史，进化，可居住性，可居住性，势能和星体的潜在的地理知识。这将通过实验室研究的结合来实现，该研究对各种表面修饰过程对行星材料和类似物的影响，行星类似物站点的基于野外的研究（与加拿大独特的赋予了野外研究）以及分析来自当前和未来的行星任务的远程灵敏度数据。它将涉及基于光谱的开发和应用，以评估可居住性，寻找生物标志物（前世的迹象）以及揭示表面修饰过程，以获取基本的原始Mineraology。