Western gall rust resistance in pines: using genomics to discover resistance mechanisms and develop new tools for tree breeding

松树的西瘿锈病抗性：利用基因组学发现抗性机制并开发树木育种新工具

• 批准号: 521200-2018
• 负责人: Cooke, Janice
• 金额: $ 20.97万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=694735
• 关键词: Western; gall; rust; resistance; pines

A sustainable, predictable timber supply is vital to maintain competitiveness of Canada's forest industry. Measures that reduce losses to pests and diseases, which account for substantial annual losses of merchantable timber, can help improve forest productivity. Lodgepole pine, a major commercial species in British Columbia and Alberta, is particularly susceptible to Endocronartium harknessii, the causative agent of western gall rust. This pathogen, which is found across Canada, causes stunted growth, stem deformity and mortality. We have determined that western types of E. harknessii are more virulent than eastern types. Extensive pine regeneration that is occurring in the wake of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in British Columbia and Alberta is increasing the proportion of juvenile pines on the landscape, which are at greatest risk for western gall rust infection and mortality. Resistance to western gall rust is heritable, and planting of western gall rust-resistant stock has great promise to reduce yield losses to this pathogen. Western gall rust resistance has been identified as a priority for tree breeding by the Government of Alberta, which has the mandate for tree improvement in the province. Addressing this priority, the goal of this project is to discover genomic signatures of western gall rust resistance in lodgepole pine and lodgepole x jack pine hybrids, and translate these discoveries into genomic tools for tree breeding. We will identify pine genes associated with resistance by conducting genomic selection and association genetic analyses with a unique set of molecular marker and disease severity data for families of seedlings and mature trees. We will then identify molecular mechanisms of pine resistance and pathogen severity through combining genomic scale analyses of pine tree gene expression with genome comparisons of E. harknessii pathogen types that are more or less likely to cause disease. Outcomes from this research will be used to develop DNA markers and statistical models that predict western gall rust resistance for tree breeding programs. These genomic tools may be the first to be implemented in Alberta, and therefore have the potential to transform forest tree improvement for our partners.

可持续、可预测的木材供应对于保持加拿大森林业的竞争力至关重要。减少病虫害损失的措施有助于提高森林生产力。病虫害是每年可销售木材损失的主要原因。洛奇波尔松是不列颠哥伦比亚省和艾伯塔省的主要商业树种，特别容易受到哈克内斯内氏杆菌的影响，哈克内西内氏杆菌是西部胆锈病的病原体。这种病原体在加拿大各地都有发现，会导致生长迟缓、茎畸形和死亡。我们已经确定，西部类型的哈克奈西肠杆菌比东部类型的毒力更强。在不列颠哥伦比亚省和艾伯塔省爆发山松甲虫后，正在进行广泛的松树再生，增加了这片土地上幼年松树的比例，这是西部锈菌感染和死亡的最大风险。对西葫芦锈病的抗性是可遗传的，种植西葫芦抗锈菌砧木对减少该病原菌的产量损失具有很大的希望。艾伯塔省政府已将西部抗锈性确定为树木育种的优先事项，该省有权改进树木。为了解决这一优先事项，该项目的目标是在樟子松和樟子松杂交后代中发现西方抗瘤锈病的基因组特征，并将这些发现转化为树木育种的基因组工具。我们将通过进行基因组选择和关联遗传分析，以及一套独特的分子标记和苗木和成熟树木家系的疾病严重程度数据来识别与抗性相关的松树基因。然后，我们将通过结合松树基因表达的基因组规模分析和或多或少可能导致疾病的哈克奈希氏杆菌病原菌类型的基因组比较来确定松树抗性和病原菌严重程度的分子机制。这项研究的结果将被用来开发DNA标记和统计模型，为树木育种计划预测西部胆锈病的抗性。这些基因组工具可能是第一批在艾伯塔省实施的工具，因此有可能改变我们的合作伙伴的林木改良。