Basic language processes: behavioural and functional localization

基本语言过程：行为和功能本地化

• 批准号: 183968-2008
• 负责人: Borowsky, Ron
• 金额: $ 1.45万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=392247
• 关键词: Basic; language; processes; behavioural; functional

My programs of research explore basic language processes (particularly those involved in reading and speech perception/production), as they relate to the hypothesis of modularity of mind, both from a behavioural/temporal perspective (i.e., using dependent measures such as reaction time), and a spatial perspective (i.e., using dependent measures that permit neuroanatomical localization). Dovetailed with these programs of research are other programs that strive to develop diagnostics of basic reading processes, improve methods of localization of function, and understand the nature of semantic representation. OBJECTIVES: The proposed research will shed light on the behavioural nature (i.e., staged versus parallel processing) and neuroanatomical location (i.e., unique versus shared regions of cortical processing) of the processes involved in basic language processing. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH: The behavioural modularity issue will be investigated using standard word and picture recognition tasks (e.g., overt naming, semantic judgments, lexical decision) and dependent measures (e.g., reaction time, error rates). The spatial modularity issue will be investigated using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while participants are engaged in these tasks. NOVELTY & EXPECTED SIGNIFICANCE: By applying Additive Factors Logic from behavioural techniques in cognitive psychology to the parameters extracted from fMRI Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) functions, we are developing a new method for functional localization that should be a vast improvement over the traditional Subtractive Method. We are also continuing to develop new mathematical techniques for separating shared cortical functions from those that are unique to a particular task or stimulus. By bringing together these converging behavioural and functional methods to address questions of basic language function, we expect this research to have a broad impact on other domains of cognitive neuroscience that explore issues of mapping mind onto brain, and other domains of cognitive science that explore issues of parallel processing versus stages-of-processing.

我的研究项目探索基本的语言过程（特别是那些涉及阅读和言语感知/产生的过程），因为它们与心智模块化的假设有关，无论是从行为/时间的角度（即，使用依赖的测量，如反应时间），还是从空间的角度（即，使用允许神经解剖学定位的依赖测量）。与这些研究项目相吻合的是其他项目，这些项目努力发展基本阅读过程的诊断，改进功能定位的方法，并理解语义表征的本质。目的：拟议的研究将阐明基本语言处理过程的行为性质（即分阶段处理与并行处理）和神经解剖位置（即皮质处理的独特区域与共享区域）。科学方法：行为模块化问题将使用标准的单词和图片识别任务（例如，公开命名，语义判断，词汇决定）和依赖测量（例如，反应时间，错误率）进行调查。当参与者参与这些任务时，将使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来调查空间模块化问题。新颖性和预期意义：通过将认知心理学行为技术中的加性因素逻辑应用于从fMRI血氧水平依赖（BOLD）功能中提取的参数，我们正在开发一种功能定位的新方法，这应该是传统减法方法的巨大改进。我们还在继续开发新的数学技术，将共享的皮质功能与特定任务或刺激所特有的皮质功能分离开来。通过将这些收敛的行为和功能方法结合在一起来解决基本语言功能的问题，我们期望这项研究对探索将思维映射到大脑的认知神经科学的其他领域以及探索平行处理与处理阶段问题的认知科学的其他领域产生广泛的影响。