Resilient urban forests for Canadians: Adapting to climate change for enhanced tree-related benefits

城市森林（UF）与重要的生态系统服务有关，例如减少热量和改善空气 质量，有利于环境和人类健康。这些好处将变得更加重要 随着气候变化（CC），但目前还不清楚UF将如何受到CC的影响，这将如何影响人类 健康，以及UF如何适应气候变化和更好地支持生态系统服务。这包括 加拿大有义务报告这方面的情况。 使用率基于在美国和/或天然林中进行的经验观察。这是 被确定为一个重要的不确定性来源，需要加以解决，以预测未来的UF密度， 组成，并调查的假设，CC对人的影响可能比以前更大 我想树木本身也会受到负面影响。树木的大小和树冠形状等特征， UF中对气候变化和生态系统服务的影响恢复力也不同于天然林。然而 城市树木的不完整清单和树冠数据的缺乏意味着用于建模的相关数据 服务生产的预测是稀缺的。我们的目标是用更丰富的数据更好地表征UF， 确定最佳做法，以发展现在和将来支持生态系统服务的有复原力的统一框架。

Urban forests (UF) are associated with important ecosystem services, such as reduced heat and improved air quality, which benefit both environmental and human health. These benefits will become even more important with climate change (CC), yet it is unclear how the UF will be impacted by CC, how that will affect human health, and how the UF can be adapted to face CC and better support ecosystem services. This includes removing carbon, which Canada has an obligation to report on. Current estimates of the UF carbon in Canada use rates based on empirical observations made in United States and/or in natural forests. This has been identified as an important source of uncertainty that needs to be addressed to forecast future UF density and composition, and to investigate the hypothesis that the effects of CC on people may be greater than previously thought if trees are also themselves affected negatively. Features such as tree size and crown shape that influence resilience to CC and ecosystem services in UF are also different than in natural forests. Yet incomplete inventories of urban trees and a paucity of data on canopies means that relevant data for modeling and prediction of service production is scarce. Our goal is to better characterize UF with richer data, and to identify best practices for developing resilient UFs that will support ecosystem services now and in the future.