Dynamics of Ecosystem Services from Linked Urban Forests and Streams: Towards Next-Generation Landscape Indicators

相关城市森林和溪流的生态系统服务动态：迈向下一代景观指标

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06288
• 负责人: Gergel, Sarah
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=718185
• 关键词: Dynamics; Ecosystem; Services; Linked; Urban

A full accounting of the ways forests produce ecosystem services in urban areas requires understanding their links to aquatic systems. Fragmentation of urban forests, alongside expanding impervious surfaces, impacts streams and aquatic habitats in numerous ways, with long-lasting impacts. To address this challenge, my Discovery Grant research program will develop new ways to synthetically monitor both terrestrial and aquatic systems in urban settings. The proposed research synthesizes nearly two decades of approaches I helped pioneer using landscape indicators to assess aquatic systems. Here, I expand to urban-rural gradients and leverage new open source data working with a tightly-integrated team. Working together, HQP contribute to tackling - and in some cases span across - multiple transdisciplinary objectives. OBJECTIVE 1: Create “next generation” landscape indicators of ecosystem services in urban systems that incorporate: (a) long-term change and (b) temporal lags. To achieve this, we use collaboratively developed geospatial information to assess historical dynamics in urban forests and streams. First, we use long-term satellite imagery spanning three decades to map the ebb and flow of greenspace. Then, we use these same greenspace maps to evaluate empirical relationships between landscape indicators and long-term trends in water chemistry of urban and rural streams in Vancouver. OBJECTIVE 2: Integrate spatial heterogeneity into landscape indicators. The inherent spatial heterogeneity of urban ecosystems makes them challenging to map. Thus, we evaluate and compare satellite imagery at multiple scales with ground verification information (derived from aerial photography and field work) to assess the spatially variable features of urban forests and wetlands. Our aim is to capture the range of heterogeneity across the entire spectrum of “green-infrastructure” from green-to-blue-to-grey infrastructure, which includes forests, riparian zones, wetlands, and engineered wetlands. We use our strengthened representation of spatial heterogeneity in urban ecosystems to better evaluate urban greenspace and build “next-generation” landscape indicators of urban stream status. OBJECTIVE 3: Extrapolate and evaluate indicators across continents. Upon ascertaining the role of spatial heterogeneity in Vancouver, we adapt our methods for extrapolation and expansion. To achieve this, we develop novel ways to track land use with social media, adapt our remote sensing analysis methods to rapidly urbanizing locations in India and China, and then test our key findings along urban-rural gradients in tropical landscapes. In training inter-disciplinary scientists, my research program will provide science with better ways to track and understand landscape change and improve the evidence base regarding the role of forests and wetlands in rapidly urbanizing landscapes.

要全面了解森林在城市地区提供生态系统服务的方式，就需要了解森林与水生系统的联系。城市森林的破碎化，加上不透水面的扩大，以多种方式影响着溪流和水生生境，并产生长期影响。为了应对这一挑战，我的发现补助金研究计划将开发新的方法来综合监测城市环境中的陆地和水生系统。拟议中的研究综合了近二十年来我帮助开拓的使用景观指标评估水生系统的方法。在这里，我扩展到城乡梯度，并利用新的开源数据与紧密整合的团队合作。通过合作，HQP有助于解决-在某些情况下跨越-多个跨学科的目标。 目标1：创建城市系统生态系统服务的“下一代”景观指标，其中包括：（a）长期变化和（B）时间滞后。为了实现这一目标，我们使用协作开发的地理空间信息来评估城市森林和河流的历史动态。首先，我们使用跨越三十年的长期卫星图像来绘制绿地的潮起潮落。然后，我们使用这些相同的绿地地图，以评估景观指标和长期趋势的水化学在温哥华的城市和农村溪流之间的经验关系。 目标2：将空间异质性纳入景观指标。城市生态系统固有的空间异质性使其具有挑战性的地图。因此，我们评估和比较卫星图像在多个尺度与地面验证信息（来自航空摄影和实地工作），以评估城市森林和湿地的空间变化特征。我们的目标是捕捉整个“绿色基础设施”的异质性范围，从绿色到蓝色到灰色的基础设施，包括森林，河岸带，湿地和工程湿地。我们使用我们的城市生态系统中的空间异质性，以更好地评估城市绿地和建立“下一代”的城市河流状态的景观指标加强表示。 目标3：推断和评价各大洲的指标。在确定温哥华的空间异质性的作用，我们适应我们的方法外推和扩展。为了实现这一目标，我们开发了新的方法来跟踪社会媒体的土地利用，使我们的遥感分析方法适应印度和中国快速城市化的地区，然后在热带景观中沿着沿着城乡梯度测试我们的关键发现。 在培训跨学科的科学家，我的研究计划将提供科学更好的方法来跟踪和了解景观变化，并改善有关森林和湿地在快速城市化景观中的作用的证据基础。