Modelling SARS-CoV-2 movement through a city via municipal sewage networks: Kamloops, British Columbia COVID-19 reemergence warning system pilot project

在缺乏疫苗或广泛群体免疫的情况下，地方、地区和国家政府正在努力制定计划，放宽与SARS-CoV-2大流行有关的物理距离限制，因此，在全人群层面进行病毒监测的工具至关重要。这些工具包括对个人进行病毒感染检测，进行免疫检测以发现先前的病毒接触，以及追踪接触者。该项目以监测社区污水收集和处理系统中病毒遗传物质水平的国际努力为基础。汤普森河大学、坎卢普斯市、城市系统公司、里贾纳大学、不列颠哥伦比亚省环境与气候变化战略部在不列颠哥伦比亚省卫生部的指导下开展的这项合作，将利用来自污水收集网络的样本，测量坎卢普斯市SARS-CoV-2遗传物质的基线人口水平，并测量坎卢普斯市的目标亚人群。这些信息将与地方卫生当局收集的病毒爆发数据结合起来，以便在广泛获得疫苗之前，对污水中的病毒水平进行持续监测，作为病毒再次出现的早期指标。重要的是，在这里获得的方法、数据集、最佳实践和经验将与加拿大各地的社区以及在该领域工作的不断增长的国际研究人员网络广泛共享。这项工作还将借鉴日本、瑞典和意大利等国为脊髓灰质炎、诺如病毒和甲型肝炎所作的类似努力。

As local, regional and national governments grapple with planning for loosening physical distancing restrictions relating to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the absence of a vaccine or widespread herd immunity, tools for viral monitoring at a population-wide level are essential. These tools include testing individuals for viral infection, immunological testing to detect prior viral exposure, and contact tracing. This project builds on international efforts to monitor levels of viral genetic material in community sewage collection and treatment systems. This collaboration between Thompson Rivers University, the City of Kamloops, Urban Systems Inc., the University of Regina, the British Columbia Ministry of Environment & Climate Change Strategy, with direction from the British Columbia Ministry of Health, will measure baseline population-scale levels of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material for the city of Kamloops, and targeted sub-populations in Kamloops using samples from the sewage collection network. This information will be put in context of viral outbreak data collected by local health authorities, such that continual monitoring of viral levels in sewage can be used as an early indicator of viral reemergence until such a time as a vaccine is widely available. Importantly, methodologies, datasets, best practices and experiences gained here will be widely shared with communities across Canada, and with the growing network of international researchers working in this area. This work will also be informed by similar efforts that have been described for polio, norovirus and hepatitis A in countries such as Japan, Sweden and Italy.