Aerosol Sources, Transport and Sinks in Marine and Polar Regions

海洋和极地地区的气溶胶源、传输和汇

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05173
• 负责人: Chang, Rachel
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708281
• 关键词: Aerosol; Sources; Transport; Sinks; Marine

Liquid and solid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosol. These particles can affect climate by reducing the incoming solar radiation either directly by scattering and absorbing sunlight, or indirectly by forming clouds, which can efficiently reflect incoming sunlight. Aerosol particles can also contribute to smog, which negatively affects air quality by reducing visibility and increasing health risks that lead to earlier mortality. Finally, organic contaminants such as dioxins can absorb to the surface of aerosol particles. This represent an important transport mechanism for these chemicals from the atmosphere to the surface, both water and land. Therefore, understanding the sources, transport and loss processes of aerosol in the atmosphere is vital in order to better characterize all of these effects. The overall goal of this work is to study these aerosol processes in the atmosphere in order to accurately capture their life cycle in global climate models. In particular, this research will focus on processes occurring in marine and polar environments. With the world's longest coastline and a vested interest in the north, the results from this research will be of timely relevance to Canadians. Specific projects will study marine fog events to investigate the process of droplet formation, aqueous chemical reactions and the influence of marine aerosol on droplet formation. Measurements of real-time chemical and physical properties will be made of the aerosol particles and fog droplets in order to elucidate the mechanisms that cause particles to form droplets. These findings will be applicable to predicting visibility of coastal fog events and can be extrapolated to the formation of prevalent stratiform clouds that cover much of the ocean. In addition, aerosol particle chemical composition in the high Arctic will be studied and used to understand their sources and transport to the Arctic throughout the year using a real-time aerosol mass spectrometer. This will serve as an important baseline as industrial activity increases in the coming decades and the chemical composition of the Arctic air changes. The results from this work will be highly relevant to regulatory agencies that work to ensure that the health of the local population and environment of the Arctic are not negatively affected. Students will work with state-of-the-art aerosol equipment and benefit from cross-disciplinary interactions. They will also benefit from conducting research in the field that will be complemented by either laboratory experiments or computer simulations in order to broaden their approach to research. In addition, the students will profit from collaborations with other departments, universities and government agencies that will extend their network and exposure to research at different levels in Canada.

悬浮在大气中的液体和固体颗粒称为气溶胶。这些颗粒可以通过散射和吸收阳光直接减少传入的太阳辐射来影响气候，或者通过形成云，从而有效地反映传入的阳光。气溶胶颗粒也可能导致烟雾，这会通过降低可见性和增加健康风险而导致早期死亡率的健康风险对空气质量产生负面影响。最后，例如二恶英等有机污染物可以吸收气溶胶颗粒的表面。这代表了这些化学物质从大气到水和土地表面的重要运输机制。因此，了解大气中气溶胶的来源，运输和损失过程对于更好地表征所有这些影响至关重要。这项工作的总体目标是研究大气中的这些气溶胶过程，以便在全球气候模型中准确捕获其生命周期。特别是，这项研究将集中于海洋和极地环境中发生的过程。由于世界上最长的海岸线和北部的既得兴趣，这项研究的结果将与加拿大人及时相关。 特定的项目将研究海洋雾事件，以研究液滴形成，水性化学反应的过程以及海洋气溶胶对液滴形成的影响。 实时化学和物理特性的测量将由气溶胶颗粒和雾液滴进行，以阐明导致颗粒形成液滴的机制。这些发现将适用于预测沿海雾事件的可见性，并且可以推断出覆盖大部分海洋的普遍层状云的形成。 此外，将研究高北极中的气溶胶颗粒化学组成，并使用实时气溶胶质谱仪全年了解其来源和运输到北极。随着未来几十年的工业活动的增加以及北极空气变化的化学组成，这将是重要的基线。这项工作的结果将与有效的监管机构高度相关，以确保北极的当地人口和环境的健康不会受到负面影响。 学生将使用最先进的气溶胶设备工作，并受益于跨学科互动。他们还将受益于在该领域进行研究，这些研究将通过实验室实验或计算机模拟来补充，以扩大其研究方法。此外，学生将从与其他部门，大学和政府机构的合作中获利，这将扩大其网络并接触加拿大不同级别的研究。