ETBC: Aerosol and Precipitation Chemistry and Deposition Rates in the Western Atlantic Trade Winds: The Link to Sources, Transport, and Deposition Processes - II

该项目将描述巴巴多斯和迈阿密的气溶胶浓度以及湿沉积和干沉积过程，重点是非洲尘埃和相关成分以及人为物种。观测将以巴巴多斯和迈阿密为期两年的每日采样议定书为基础，辅之以密集的实地活动，包括德国科学家对气溶胶和云的合作飞机研究，这些研究将在不同的季节尘埃和污染运输制度期间进行。一个主要目标是将成果与更大规模的进程联系起来。为此目的，将使用现场地面气溶胶遥感传感器(激光雷达和光学厚度)将地面测量与上面的大气层和卫星产品联系起来，以便推广到更大范围，结果将有助于更好地了解控制非洲尘埃和相关物质在热带大西洋上空运输和沉积的过程，并改进对沉积对该区域海洋生物地球化学影响的估计。综合方案(结合遥感和建模)将更好地描述大规模粉尘运输/清除过程，并对其进行更定量的建模，包括在逐个事件的基础上与源过程建立联系。这反过来将有助于更好地了解大气输送对全球海洋生物地球化学过程的影响，以及气候变化对粉尘迁移和输送可能产生的影响(从而对海洋生物地球化学和碳循环的影响)。另一个令人关切的问题是，输送到海洋的人为物质可能起到的作用；这些物质可能直接影响海洋中的生物地球化学过程，并与粉尘混合，影响粉尘的化学性质，包括铁和其他金属的溶解度。研究生将通过参与该计划的各个方面进行培训。加勒比气象和水文学研究所将合作开展科学活动，并管理巴巴多斯站点的日常运作。

This project will characterize aerosol concentrations and wet and dry deposition processes at Barbados and Miami, with foci on African dust and related constituents and on anthropogenic species. Observations will be based on a two-year daily sampling protocol on Barbados and at Miami supplemented by intensive field campaigns, including collaborative aircraft-based studies of aerosols and clouds by German scientists, to be carried out during various seasonal dust and pollution transport regimes. A major objective is to link results to larger-scale processes. To this end, on-site ground-based aerosol remote sensors (lidar and optical depth) will be used to link the surface-based measurements to the overlying atmosphere and also satellite products in order to generalize to larger scales.The results will lead to a better understanding of the processes controlling the transport and deposition of African dust and associated substances over the tropical Atlantic and to improved estimates of the impact of deposition on marine biogeochemistry in this region. The integrated program (with remote sensing and modeling) will lead to a better characterization of large-scale dust transport/removal processes and a more quantitative modeling of them, including the linkage to source processes on an event-to-event basis. This, in turn, will lead to an improved understanding of the impact of atmospheric transport on biogeochemical processes in the global ocean and to the possible impact of climate change on dust mobilization and transport (and, hence, on ocean biogeochemistry and the carbon cycle). Also of concern is the possible role of anthropogenic materials transported to the ocean; these could directly affect biogeochemical processes in the ocean and, mixed with dust, the chemical properties of the dust, including the solubility of iron and other metals. A graduate student will be trained through participation in all aspects of the program. The Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology will collaborate in the science activities and manage daily operations of the Barbados site.