ETBC: Aerosol and Precipitation Chemistry and Deposition Rates in the Western Atlantic Trade Winds: The Link to Sources, Transport, and Deposition Processes - II

该项目将描述巴巴多斯和迈阿密的气溶胶浓度和干湿沉降过程，重点是非洲尘埃和相关成分以及人为物种。观测工作将以巴巴多斯和迈阿密为期两年的每日取样议定书为基础，辅之以密集的实地活动，包括德国科学家在各种季节性尘埃和污染物输送期间利用飞机对气溶胶和云进行合作研究。一个主要目标是将成果与更大规模的进程联系起来。为此目的，现场地基气溶胶遥感器（激光雷达和光学深度）将用于连接表面-这些结果将有助于更好地了解控制非洲尘埃和相关物质在热带大西洋上空的输送和沉积的过程，并有助于更好地估计沉积对海洋地球化学的影响综合方案（遥感和建模）将导致更好地描述大规模的尘埃运输/清除过程，并对其进行更定量的建模，包括在事件到事件的基础上与源过程的联系。这反过来又将导致更好地了解大气迁移对全球海洋生物地球化学过程的影响，以及气候变化对尘埃移动和迁移（从而对海洋生物地球化学和碳循环）的可能影响。同样令人关切的是，人类活动产生的物质被输送到海洋中可能发挥的作用;这些物质可能直接影响海洋中的地球化学过程，并与灰尘混合，影响灰尘的化学性质，包括铁和其他金属的溶解度。研究生将通过参与该计划的各个方面进行培训。加勒比气象和水文研究所将在科学活动方面进行合作，并管理巴巴多斯站点的日常运作。

This project will characterize aerosol concentrations and wet and dry deposition processes at Barbados and Miami, with foci on African dust and related constituents and on anthropogenic species. Observations will be based on a two-year daily sampling protocol on Barbados and at Miami supplemented by intensive field campaigns, including collaborative aircraft-based studies of aerosols and clouds by German scientists, to be carried out during various seasonal dust and pollution transport regimes. A major objective is to link results to larger-scale processes. To this end, on-site ground-based aerosol remote sensors (lidar and optical depth) will be used to link the surface-based measurements to the overlying atmosphere and also satellite products in order to generalize to larger scales.The results will lead to a better understanding of the processes controlling the transport and deposition of African dust and associated substances over the tropical Atlantic and to improved estimates of the impact of deposition on marine biogeochemistry in this region. The integrated program (with remote sensing and modeling) will lead to a better characterization of large-scale dust transport/removal processes and a more quantitative modeling of them, including the linkage to source processes on an event-to-event basis. This, in turn, will lead to an improved understanding of the impact of atmospheric transport on biogeochemical processes in the global ocean and to the possible impact of climate change on dust mobilization and transport (and, hence, on ocean biogeochemistry and the carbon cycle). Also of concern is the possible role of anthropogenic materials transported to the ocean; these could directly affect biogeochemical processes in the ocean and, mixed with dust, the chemical properties of the dust, including the solubility of iron and other metals. A graduate student will be trained through participation in all aspects of the program. The Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology will collaborate in the science activities and manage daily operations of the Barbados site.