Harnessing Flexible Resources and Wide-Area Sensing to Enable Smarter Power Grids that Automatically Combat Transmission Bottlenecks and Prevent Blackouts

加拿大国民收入的来源已从生产部门转移到服务部门。电力行业也正在发生这样的转变，其主要重点正在从发电转移到确保电力分配和管理的智能网络。由此产生的更复杂的集成系统面临着五个主要挑战：1)可预测性有限的可再生能源的大规模集成（例如，24小时的预测可能受到10%的误差的影响）和较少的惯性；2)老化的资产，运行更接近其稳定性极限；3)插入新的、FACTS和HVdc设备以提高可控性；4)广泛推出同步相量装置和智能电表，以实现广域观测；5)开放进入北美电力市场，拥有远距离的巨大电力流量和分分钟交易。拟议的研究旨在提高资产利用率和灵活性，同时通过利用智能控制、广域态势感知和自动调度的新技术，在这些紧张的电网中控制日益增加的停电风险。我们将重点关注三个重点：A) PMU分析：在实时流分析框架中使用同步量和操作数据开发智能广域态势感知系统。B)提高网络利用率的电网控制：开发稀疏促进控制方案，用于智能负载、分布式存储和动态无功资源的弹性调制，以提高稳定性极限；C)自动网络操作员：开发智能调度器辅助设备，提供最佳的发电机调度和网络切换序列，以最小的人为干预修复安全违规并恢复系统安全裕度。通过新设备、流分析和稳定控制，我们将为智能电网的出现做出贡献，丰富的数据和可再生能源，并更接近其极限。因此，根据CEA 2050年愿景，我们的研究结果将涉及五种正在塑造我们未来电力系统功能的技术：需求响应；促进分布式发电和电动汽车；优化资产使用；以及故障检测和缓解。预计研究成果将产生深远的技术和科学影响，为设计更灵活和优化的自适应电网监测和控制系统提供深入的理解和指导，并帮助加拿大建立和加强其在绿色电力一体化方面的领导地位。该项目还将培养大批高素质人才，为他们提供智能电网和可再生能源整合方面的宝贵见解和经验，使他们成为加拿大电力行业的专家。

The source of national income in Canada has been transferred from the production to services sector. Such a transition is also occurring in electric industry, where the main focus is being transferred from power generation to smart networks ensuring electricity distribution and management. The resulting more complex integrated system is facing five main challenges: 1) Massive integration of renewable energies with limited predictability (e.g., a 24-hour forecast can be affected by a 10% error) and less inertia, 2) Ageing asset, operated closer to its stability limit, 3) Insertion of new, FACTS and HVdc devices for increased controllability; 4) Widespread roll-out of synchrophasors units and smart meters for wide-area observability, 5) Open-access to North-American electricity markets with its huge power flows over large distances and minute-to-minute transactions. The proposed research aims at increasing asset utilization and flexibility while containing increased blackout risks in these stressed grids by harnessing new technologies that enable smart control, wide-area situational awareness and automated dispatching. We will focus on three Thrusts: A) PMU Analytics: Development of intelligent wide-area situational awareness system using synchrophasors and operational data in a real-time streaming analytics framework. B) Power grid control for improved network utilization: Development of sparsity promoting control schemes for resilient modulation of intelligent loads, distributed storage and dynamic Var resources to increase stability limits; C) Automatic network operator: Development of an intelligent dispatcher aid providing optimal generator schedules and network switching sequences to fix security violations and restore system safety margins with minimum human intervention. Through new devices, streaming analytics and stability controls, we will contribute to the emergence of smarter grids, rich in data and renewable energy sources, and operated closer to their limits. Our findings will hence touch on five technologies that are shaping the functionality of our tomorrow's electricity system according to CEA vision 2050: Demand response; Facilitation of distributed generation and electric vehicles; Optimization of asset use; And fault detection and mitigation. The research outcomes are expected to have a profound technological and scientific impact, in providing in-depth understanding and guidelines for engineering more flexible and optimized adaptive power grids monitoring and control systems, and in helping Canada to establish and reinforce its leadership in green electricity integration. This program will also train a large pool of highly qualified personnel, providing them with valuable insights and experiences in smart grid and renewable energies integration, and enabling them to emerge as expert additions to Canadian electricity industry.