Behavioral and neuroimaging investigations of perception and action with real-world objects

对现实世界物体的感知和行动的行为和神经影像研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04748
• 负责人: Culham, Jody
• 金额: $ 6.63万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709450
• 关键词: Behavioral; neuroimaging; investigations; perception; action

The visual system enables us to recognize objects and to act upon them in the real world. Surprisingly, however, almost all behavioral and neuroimaging experiments of human vision have employed pictures of objects rather than real, physical objects. There are important theoretical reasons to expect that the visual system processes images and objects differently, not least of which is that real objects afford actions. After all, one would never attempt to pound a nail with a photo of a hammer! Indeed, our recent NSERC-funded experiments have found differences in the behavioral and neural responses to real objects vs. photos. The long-term goal of my research is to understand how real objects and real actions are processed in the human brain and mind. The short-term goals over the next five years are (1) to further determine how real objects differ from images; and (2) to determine why the processing of real objects and actions differs. The project will investigate three themes and provide training for young investigators, particularly those participating in an international training program (NSERC CREATE-IRTG) between three Canadian universities and two German universities. The first line of research will investigate why real objects are processed differently from images (especially photos). The two most likely explanations are (1) because real objects have depth; and (2) because real objects can be acted upon and those actions have consequences. The second line of research will investigate what new things we can learn about how we perceive objects by using real objects. Real objects have sensible relationships between size and distance (unlike photos, where a car can be the same size as a cat), look different from different viewpoints (unlike photos, which show a single viewpoint), and can change (unlike photos, in which items do not move). Due to these differences, we predict that using real objects will help us better understand the role of size, viewpoint, and motion in object recognition. The third line of research will investigate what new things we can learn about how we perform hand actions toward objects under more realistic situations. We will investigate how grasping differs for real, virtual and photo objects and whether it matters if you see the object directly (without mirrors) and see your own hand move. In addition, we will investigate how actions are used to intercept moving objects and whether this skill is modulated with experience, for example in jugglers. Our work will use state-of-the-art behavioral and neuroimaging techniques to understand how real objects affect visual perception and action and the brain areas involved. This research direction has the potential to bring research in brain and behavior closer to everyday life and make it more relevant for real-world applications (such as neural prosthetics) and the emerging possibilities of virtual reality in science and technology.

视觉系统使我们能够识别物体，并在现实世界中对它们采取行动。然而，令人惊讶的是，几乎所有人类视觉的行为和神经成像实验都使用了物体的图片，而不是真实的物理物体。有重要的理论理由认为，视觉系统处理图像和物体的方式是不同的，尤其是现实中的物体能够承受动作。毕竟，一个人永远不会试图用锤子的照片敲打钉子！事实上，我们最近由NSERC资助的实验发现，对真实物体和照片的行为和神经反应存在差异。 我研究的长期目标是了解真实的物体和真实的动作是如何在人类的大脑和大脑中处理的。未来五年的短期目标是(1)进一步确定真实物体与图像的不同之处；以及(2)确定真实物体和动作的处理为什么不同。该项目将调查三个主题，并为年轻研究人员提供培训，特别是那些参加三所加拿大大学和两所德国大学之间的国际培训计划(NSERC CREATE-IRTG)的人。 第一条研究路线将调查为什么真实物体的处理方式不同于图像(尤其是照片)。最有可能的两种解释是(1)因为真实的物体有深度；(2)因为真实的物体可以被作用，这些动作会产生后果。 第二条线的研究将调查我们可以通过使用真实物体来了解如何感知物体的新事物。真实对象在大小和距离之间有合理的关系(不像照片，汽车可以和猫一样大)，从不同的视点看起来不同(不像照片，显示单一视点)，并且可以改变(不像照片，在照片中，物品不移动)。由于这些差异，我们预测使用真实对象将帮助我们更好地理解大小、视点和运动在对象识别中的作用。 第三条研究线将调查我们在更现实的情况下如何对物体进行手部动作方面可以学到的新东西。我们将调查真实物体、虚拟物体和照片物体抓取的不同之处，以及如果你直接看到物体(没有镜子)并看到你自己的手移动是否重要。此外，我们还将调查动作是如何被用来拦截移动的物体的，以及这项技能是否受到经验的影响，例如在杂耍中。 我们的工作将使用最先进的行为和神经成像技术来了解真实物体如何影响视觉感知和行动以及涉及的大脑区域。这一研究方向有可能使大脑和行为的研究更贴近日常生活，并使其与现实世界的应用(如神经假肢)和科学技术中虚拟现实的新兴可能性更相关。