Nutritional Lipidomics: Mapping Changes in the Lipidome Across Organ Systems in Response to Dietary Manipulations

营养脂质组学：绘制跨器官系统脂质组因饮食控制而发生的变化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04334
• 负责人: Stark, Ken
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=712377
• 关键词: Nutritional; Lipidomics; Mapping; Changes; Lipidome

Cell membranes are made of lipids that can change according to the type of dietary fat a person eats. Understanding how diet affects these lipids is important to determine dietary requirements for specific fats such as omega-3 fatty acids, but also for understanding how fat impacts cell function in tissues such as the brain, heart, and liver. The lipids in cell membranes can determine physical characteristics of the membrane such as fluidity and permeability, but these lipids can also be a source of important bioactive signaling molecules. Lipidomics is a new field that relies on mass spectrometers and attempts to measure every lipid in a biological cell or system. For example, traditional fatty acid analyses identify 30-49 fatty acids in a sample, while lipidomics can identify hundreds to thousands of unique lipids. For this project, lipidomic methods will be developed to examine the effect of different diets, specifically diets with omega-3 fatty acids and diets high in fat. Rodent models will be used to control the amount of fat and the timing of the diet intervention so short-term and long-term effects can be measured. In addition, rodent models will allow the research team to examine numerous organ systems to see how diet effects types of tissues differently. Blood samples from humans with detailed information about their dietary habits will also be analyzed using lipidomics and the response compared to those observed in the rodent models. This project will help improve how we assess the impact of diet as it will allow very detailed and very specific changes in metabolism to be measured. The use of “nutritional lipidomics” to assess diet and lipid metabolism has the potential to change how nutrition research is studied and to greatly improve our ability to determine the nutritional requirements of individuals and populations in the future.

细胞膜是由脂类组成的，这些脂类可以根据一个人所吃的饮食脂肪的类型而变化。了解饮食如何影响这些脂质，对于确定特定脂肪的饮食需求(如omega-3脂肪酸)很重要，也有助于了解脂肪如何影响大脑、心脏和肝脏等组织的细胞功能。细胞膜中的脂质可以决定膜的物理特性，如流动性和通透性，但这些脂类也可以是重要的生物活性信号分子的来源。脂质组学是一个新的领域，它依靠质谱仪，试图测量生物细胞或系统中的每一种脂质。例如，传统的脂肪酸分析可以识别样本中的30-49种脂肪酸，而脂质组学可以识别数百到数千种独特的脂类。在这个项目中，将开发脂肪组学方法来检查不同饮食的效果，特别是含有omega-3脂肪酸的饮食和高脂肪饮食。啮齿动物模型将被用来控制脂肪的数量和饮食干预的时间，这样就可以测量短期和长期的影响。此外，啮齿动物模型将允许研究团队检查许多器官系统，以了解饮食如何以不同的方式影响不同类型的组织。关于人类饮食习惯的详细信息的人类血液样本也将使用脂质组学进行分析，并与在啮齿动物模型中观察到的反应进行比较。这个项目将有助于改进我们评估饮食影响的方式，因为它将允许非常详细和非常具体的新陈代谢变化被测量。使用“营养脂质组学”来评估饮食和脂肪代谢，有可能改变营养研究的方式，并极大地提高我们在未来确定个人和人群的营养需求的能力。