Marine Epidemiology

海洋流行病学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04922
• 负责人: Krkosek, Martin
• 金额: $ 5.68万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713357
• 关键词: Marine; Epidemiology

Global fish production is in a transition from fisheries to aquaculture. Some coastal seas are now managed for aquaculture production, where populations of domesticated fish can exchange infectious diseases with wild fish. The intensification of parasite transmission (ranging from viruses to ectoparasitic copepods) between wild and domesticated animals is a primary risk factor or the emergence of infectious diseases. Diseases of farmed fish have emerged concurrently with aquaculture expansion, and have become a challenge also for fisheries and conservation. The proposed research has four interrelated projects: Project 1 is a meta-analysis of global patterns of disease emergence in fish. Across wild vertebrates, fishes have the highest rates of disease emergence, and most cases involve transmission with domesticated fishes as a primary cause. This implies that disease emergence in wild fish is tied to forms of domestication, but it is not clear the risks in relation to types of aquaculture, characteristics of disease agents, environmental factors, and ecological and evolutionary mechanisms. The research will quantify the level of risk of these factors for disease emergence. Project 2 involves theoretical modelling of disease interactions between wild and farmed fish, including ecological features of disease transmission, evolutionary changes in virulence and drug resistance, and management factors. We will build and analyze mathematical models to evaluate the relative contributions of these processes to characterize the parameter space within which sustainable fisheries and aquaculture can operate. The results will provide a new framework for understanding the emergence of infectious diseases in coastal seas that can be applied to multiple situations. Project 3 involves fieldwork that will evaluate the infection risks to Canada's most valuable populations of wild salmon along migration routes through the Canada's most productive salmon farming areas. The fieldwork will analyze the infectious microbial communities in seawater at locations along wild juvenile salmon migration routes using a multi-stage filtration process and quantitative molecular analysis (qPCR) to quantify the distribution of 30 different species of parasites (viruses to copepods) that can infect wild juvenile salmon. Project 4 will conduct controlled experiments using drug treated and control groups of juvenile fish raised in a hatchery to assess the extent to which protecting wild juvenile salmon from bacterial and crustacean parasites can improve returns of adult salmon. These experiments will provide in-situ data on the role of parasitism by multiple species on the recruitment for a wild fish with an oceanic migration between treatment and recruitment. The data will be of importance to Canadian science and policy on aquaculture, and give a rare insight into natural host-parasite systems overall.

全球鱼类生产正处于从渔业向水产养殖的过渡阶段。一些沿海海域现在被管理用于水产养殖生产，在那里驯养的鱼可以与野生鱼交换传染病。野生动物和家养动物之间寄生虫传播的加剧(从病毒到体外寄生的桡足类动物)是出现传染病的主要风险因素。养殖鱼疾病在水产养殖扩张的同时出现，也成为渔业和养护的挑战。拟议的研究有四个相互关联的项目： 项目1是对鱼类疾病出现的全球模式的荟萃分析。在野生脊椎动物中，鱼类的发病率最高，大多数病例都是由驯养鱼类传播的，这是主要原因。这意味着野生鱼类疾病的出现与驯养形式有关，但与水产养殖类型、病原体特征、环境因素以及生态和进化机制有关的风险尚不清楚。这项研究将量化这些因素导致疾病出现的风险水平。 项目2涉及野生鱼类和养殖鱼类之间疾病相互作用的理论模型，包括疾病传播的生态特征、毒性和抗药性的进化变化以及管理因素。我们将建立和分析数学模型，以评估这些过程的相对贡献，以描述可持续渔业和水产养殖可以运作的参数空间。研究结果将为理解可适用于多种情况的沿海海域传染病的出现提供一个新的框架。 项目3涉及实地工作，评估通过加拿大产量最高的三文鱼养殖区的迁徙路线对加拿大最有价值的野生三文鱼种群的感染风险。这项实地工作将使用多阶段过滤过程和定量分子分析(QPCR)来分析野生幼鲑鱼迁徙路线沿线地点海水中的感染微生物群落，以量化可以感染野生幼鲑鱼的30种不同种类的寄生虫(病毒到桡足类)的分布。 项目4将使用药物处理组和对照组在孵化场饲养的幼鱼进行对照实验，以评估保护野生幼鱼免受细菌和甲壳类寄生虫侵袭的程度可以在多大程度上提高成年鲑鱼的回报。这些实验将提供多个物种的寄生对野生鱼类在处理和招募之间进行海洋迁徙的招募所起的作用的现场数据。这些数据将对加拿大水产养殖的科学和政策具有重要意义，并提供了一个难得的全面了解自然宿主-寄生虫系统的机会。