Earthquake source processes of natural and anthropogenic origins

自然和人为来源的地震震源过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05389
• 负责人: Liu, Yajing
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691029
• 关键词: Earthquake; source; processes; natural; anthropogenic

Over the past couple of decades, increasingly dense and high-resolution Earth observatory networks have revealed a wide spectrum of seismic and aseismic deformation modes along major plate boundaries and within relatively stable plate interiors. While tectonic earthquakes are dominant in seismic energy release, human activities in resource exploration are also making significant contributions to the occurrence of seismicity. My research program seeks to understand the source mechanism of natural and anthropogenic earthquakes, including seismic and aseismic slip processes, from the perspectives of numerical modeling and observational seismology. ***On the numerical modeling front, my group will further develop earthquake physics models for understanding episodic slow slip events and interaction with earthquakes in major subduction zones. We will use geodetic and seismological observations, onshore and offshore, along the Cascadia margin to constrain fault frictional properties, which in turn will guide megathrust earthquake rupture scenario simulations to be used in seismic hazard assessment. This approach will be applied to other subduction zones where there is sufficient geodetic and seismic coverage. ***On the observational front, we will utilize seismic, geodetic and groundwater sampling data from a dense array in northeast British Columbia, where active hydraulic fracturing during shale gas exploration has been inferred to cause a dramatic increase in seismicity rate in the past decade. By combining earthquake source parameter inversion, ground displacement monitoring and integration to fluid injection history to a poroelastic model, we seek to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the source processes of seismicity induced by fluid injection in the western Canada sedimentary basin. I will also participate in the design and implementation of an ocean bottom seismometer experiment along the St-Lawrence River, data collected from which will complement those from the land stations to help constrain details of seismicity and illuminate the crustal and upper mantle structure along active seismic zones in eastern Canada***In summary, my research program will make fundamental contributions to our understanding of a wide spectrum of fault slip behavior both along major boundary faults and continental interior seismic zones, of either natural or anthropogenic origins. The results will promote the transition from conceptual understanding towards quantitative prediction of earthquakes and slow slip, and improve our ability for earthquake forecast and hazard assessment. **

在过去几十年中，日益密集和高分辨率的地球观测网络揭示了沿沿着主要板块边界和相对稳定的板块内部的广泛的地震和地震变形模式。构造地震是地震能量释放的主导因素，人类资源勘探活动也对地震活动的发生做出了重要贡献。我的研究项目旨在从数值模拟和观测地震学的角度了解自然和人为地震的震源机制，包括地震和地震滑动过程。* 在数值模拟方面，我的小组将进一步开发地震物理模型，以了解幕式慢滑事件和与主要俯冲带地震的相互作用。我们将使用大地测量和地震观测，陆上和海上，沿着卡斯卡迪亚边缘，以限制断层摩擦性能，这反过来又将指导巨型逆冲断层地震破裂情景模拟用于地震危险性评估。这一方法将适用于有足够大地测量和地震覆盖的其他俯冲带。* 在观测方面，我们将利用来自不列颠哥伦比亚省东北部密集阵列的地震、大地测量和地下水采样数据，据推断，页岩气勘探期间的活跃水力压裂导致了过去十年地震活动率的急剧增加。通过将地震源参数反演、地面位移监测和流体注入历史整合到孔隙弹性模型中，我们试图全面了解加拿大西部沉积盆地流体注入诱发地震活动的震源过程。我还将参与设计和实施一个沿圣劳伦斯河沿着的海底地震仪实验，从中收集的数据将补充陆地台站的数据，以帮助限制地震活动的细节，并阐明加拿大东部沿着活跃地震带的地壳和上地幔结构 * 总之，我的研究计划将为我们理解大范围的断层滑动行为做出重要贡献，包括沿着主要边界断层和大陆内部地震带，无论是自然的还是人为的。这一结果将促进地震和慢滑从概念认识向定量预测的转变，提高地震预报和灾害评估的能力。**