Surface detail in non-photorealistic and realistic images

纹理在计算机图形学中用于提供详细世界的错觉;虚拟建筑物，街道和景观具有使用纹理表达的粗糙和生锈的微小细节。纹理合成创建游戏或电影的虚拟世界所需的大量细节。 纹理也用于非真实感渲染（NPR），其旨在创建艺术风格的图像，例如绘画或钢笔和墨水素描。历史艺术品和插图有时非常详细。在计算机图形学中，这样的细节通常由纹理提供;然而，在NPR中，纹理被保留用于描绘媒体（例如，油漆的粗糙度），而不是用于为图像中显示的场景添加细节。因此，非真实感图像往往远不如计算机生成的真实图像详细。我的意思是通过将相对成熟的纹理技术引入到艺术风格化中来改变这种情况，这样风格化过程就不会像现在这样破坏细节，而是增加细节，丰富风格化图像的视觉趣味。 即使对于真实的图像，纹理也可以得到改善。算法开发人员集中在“静态”纹理，其属性不会在图像上变化。“非平稳”纹理，变化，得到了相对较少的关注，但在自然界中的大多数纹理是非平稳的。我将探索新的纹理合成方法，高品质的非平稳纹理，强调专门的算法，自然表面，如树皮和龟甲。我打算首先集中描绘岩石表面;岩石是非常不同的，但计算机图形社区已经集中在合成大规模的地形，而不是岩石。 在拟议的工作中，我将提高现实和艺术图像的纹理。我将改进计算机生成的艺术图像中的细节描绘，使用简化的纹理来描绘场景中对象的表面细节，而不仅仅是描绘用于绘制场景的媒体。我将改进自动化功能，以创建描绘自然表面的高度可变的纹理。最后，我将通过考虑图像内容的矢量表示来改进纹理和图像编辑功能。纹理的改进将对整个商业计算机图形产生影响。纹理在任何地方都是描绘表面细节的工具。在商业应用中，许多纹理是由艺术家构建的;辅助纹理操作的工具可以提高艺术家的生产力，而更好的自动合成方法可以让艺术家在其他地方工作。

Texture is used in computer graphics to provide the illusion of a detailed world; virtual buildings, streets, and landscapes have minute details of roughness and rust expressed using texture. Texture synthesis creates the huge quantities of detail needed for the virtual world of a game or film. Texture is used as well in non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) which seeks to create images in artistic styles, such as painting or pen-and-ink sketching. Historical artworks and illustrations are sometimes magnificently detailed. In computer graphics, such detail would normally be supplied by texture; in NPR, though, texture has been reserved for depicting the media (say, the roughness of the paint) and not used to add detail to the scene shown in the image. Thus, non-photorealistic images have tended to be far less detailed than computer-generated realistic images. I mean to change that by bringing the relatively mature technology of textures into artistic stylization proper, so that the stylization process, far from destroying detail as it does at present, rather adds detail and enriches the visual interest of the stylized image. Even for realistic images, texture can be improved. Algorithm developers have concentrated on "stationary" texture, whose properties do not vary over an image. "Nonstationary" texture, that does vary, has received comparatively little attention, yet most textures in nature are nonstationary. I will explore new texture synthesis methods for high-quality nonstationary textures, emphasizing specialized algorithms for natural surfaces such as bark and tortoiseshell. I intend first to concentrate on depicting rock surfaces; rocks are immensely varied, but the computer graphics community has concentrated on synthesizing large-scale terrains rather than the rocks of which they are made. In the proposed work, I will improve textures in realistic and artistic images. I will improve detail depiction in computer-generated artistic images, using simplified textures to depict surface detail of objects in the scene, not only portraying the media used to draw the scene. I will improve automated capabilities to create highly variable textures depicting natural surfaces. Finally, I will improve texture and image editing capabilities by considering a vector representation of the image content. Improvements to texture will have impact throughout commercial computer graphics. Texture is everywhere the tool of choice for depicting surface detail. In commercial applications, much texture is constructed by artists; tools that assist texture manipulation can increase artists' productivity, while better automated synthesis methods can free artists to work elsewhere.