The impact of environmental change on freshwater communities

环境变化对淡水群落的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04780
• 负责人: Fussmann, Gregor
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716897
• 关键词: impact; environmental; change; freshwater; communities

Canada is home to millions of lakes and thousands of rivers. Ongoing global climate change potentially impacts all freshwater ecosystems, including those in the remotest locations. The objective of my research program is to investigate how ecological communities respond to environmental change. This grant will train highly qualified personnel and fund research that explores if and how communities can cope with the rapid environmental change associated with global change. We will combine experimental and theoretical approaches to study how ecological and evolutionary processes act together to form a response at the level of ecological communities. The ultimate goal of my research program is to contribute to a predictive framework that evaluates the resistance and resilience of communities and ecosystems in the light of increasing anthropogenic impact. Humans depend on functional and predictable ecosystems that provide food and a healthy environment. Human-induced global change is a major concern because it generates multiple changing conditions that likely affect the stability and sustainability of ecosystems on land and in water. Rising temperature is probably the most prominent effect but the “cocktail of changes” relevant for freshwater environments includes a number of factors either associated with fossil fuel burning (increasing CO2, temperature, organic matter) or changes in land use practices (increased load of phosphorus and nitrogen). The proposed research program explores the impact of rising temperature on aquatic communities from two novel, under-investigated angles: extinction risk through loss of dynamical stability and lake ice. In addition, we will address the lack of knowledge about how complex communities respond to a combination of environmental factors that change simultaneously. The proposed research program will investigate the response of assemblages of species to multi-dimensional environmental change. Resource managers and conservation practitioners around the world and in Canada are grappling to make sound predictions about how their systems will respond to environmental change. The typical approach has been to consider species of economic and cultural value individually, and assess their direct physiological sensitivity. However, species respond to change within the context of their ecosystems, and the stability of ecosystems that support individual resource species is critical for any effective conservation and management efforts. The proposed research will advance an understanding of ecosystem stability and change in the context of a changing environment.

加拿大拥有数百万个湖泊和数千条河流。持续的全球气候变化可能影响所有淡水生态系统，包括最偏远地区的淡水生态系统。我的研究项目的目标是调查生态社区如何应对环境变化。这笔赠款将培训高素质的人员，并资助研究，探讨社区是否以及如何科普与全球变化相关的快速环境变化。我们将结合联合收割机实验和理论的方法来研究生态和进化过程如何共同作用，以形成在生态群落的水平上的反应。我的研究计划的最终目标是有助于预测框架，评估社区和生态系统的抵抗力和恢复力，以增加人为影响。 人类依赖于提供食物和健康环境的功能性和可预测的生态系统。人类引起的全球变化是一个重大关切，因为它产生多种变化的条件，可能影响陆地和水域生态系统的稳定性和可持续性。温度上升可能是最突出的影响，但与淡水环境有关的“变化鸡尾酒”包括一些与化石燃料燃烧有关的因素（二氧化碳、温度、有机物增加）或土地使用做法的变化（磷和氮负荷增加）。拟议的研究计划从两个新的、研究不足的角度探讨了温度上升对水生群落的影响：通过动力稳定性损失和湖冰造成的灭绝风险。此外，我们将解决缺乏关于复杂社区如何应对同时变化的环境因素组合的知识。拟议的研究计划将调查物种组合对多维环境变化的反应。 世界各地和加拿大的资源管理者和保护工作者正在努力对他们的系统将如何应对环境变化做出合理的预测。典型的做法是单独考虑具有经济和文化价值的物种，并评估其直接的生理敏感性。然而，物种会在其生态系统范围内对变化作出反应，支持个别资源物种的生态系统的稳定性对于任何有效的养护和管理工作都至关重要。拟议的研究将促进在不断变化的环境中对生态系统稳定性和变化的理解。