Towards Social Intelligence in Smart Mobility Systems: Technologies, Methods, and Applications

在过去的几年里，交通系统在从物理系统向高度智能的网络物理系统的转变方面取得了长足的进步。智能软件和硬件的结合为交通系统带来了高水平的连通性和自动化。这些发展有可能解决现有的关键问题，如拥堵、安全、按需服务和第一英里/最后一英里问题，并引入新的移动服务，将改变我们的移动体验和模式。我们已经看到了各种各样的例子，包括a)亚利桑那州和加利福尼亚州的Waymo提供的机器人出租车服务，b)贝尔维尔的Pantonium提供的按需巴士叫车服务，或者c)Waze提供的动态的、面向用户的路线选择。到目前为止，重点一直放在技术和服务开发以及直接的人身安全方面。然而，人与技术的互动、接受程度、可持续性、网络安全和隐私保护等基本问题仍然悬而未决。这导致了最近的各种失误，例如2019年7月，在维也纳，一辆以12公里/小时行驶的自动驾驶航天飞机撞上了一名行人。因此，整个审判被暂停。尽管多伦多的人行道实验室码头项目承诺了高质量的生活，但人们对他们联网和自动化的社区仍有很大程度的负面情绪。 为了应对这些挑战，迫切需要使智能移动技术和服务在社会上具有智能性和可信性，即使它们了解如何在与人类互动时对不同的社会情况作出反应，并根据背景和个人行为有效地修改它们的互动。该计划的目标是在智能移动技术(如自动车辆(AV)、送货机器人和无人机)以及服务(如共享按需移动)方面开发深度社交智能，其中连接和自动化是核心。在这方面，将探讨四个方面：(1)使用逼真的虚拟沉浸式现实环境来捕捉人类行为的详细实验；(2)使用观察到的行为增强自动化中的社交智能；(3)评估智能移动技术中的社交智能；以及(4)通过设计智能移动技术和服务中的隐私和网络安全。 该研究计划将培养2名博士、3名硕士和5名本科生，他们将能够进入行业和学术界，拥有尖端技能集。将高度重视公平、多样性和包容性原则。该计划将帮助加拿大为连接和自动化做好更好的准备，成为采用智能移动的领导者，并创造高科技经济活动。

In the past few years, great strides have been made in transforming transportation systems from a physical to a highly intelligent cyberphysical systems. A combination of intelligent software and hardware has brought high levels of connectivity and automation to transportation systems. These developments have the potential to address key existing issues e.g. congestion, safety, on-demand service, and first/last mile problems, as well as introducing new mobility services that will transform our mobility experience and patterns. We already see various examples, including a) the robotaxi service offered by Waymo in Arizona and California b) on-demand bus ride-hailing service provided by Pantonium in Belleville or c) dynamic, user-oriented routing offered by Waze. The focus so far has been on the technologies and services development and immediate physical safety aspects. However, essential issues like human-technology interactions, acceptance level, sustainability, cybersecurity, and privacy preservation remain open. This has resulted in various recent missteps e.g. in July 2019, in Vienna an autonomous shuttle driving at 12km/h struck a pedestrian. As a result, the full trial was suspended. Despite the high quality of living promised by Sidewalk labs Quayside project in Toronto, there is a significant level of negative sentiment about their connected and automated neighbourhood. To address these challenges, there is a strong need to make smart mobility technologies and services socially intelligent and trustable i.e. equip them with the understanding of how to react to different social situations when interacting with humans and effectively modify their interactions based on the context and individual behaviour. The aim of this program is to develop deep social intelligence in smart mobility technologies e.g. automated vehicle (AV), delivery robots, and drones as well as services e.g. shared on-demand mobility, where the connectivity and automation are at core. In this context four dimensions will be explored: (1) detailed experiments using realistic virtual immersive reality environment for capturing human behaviour (2) enhancing social intelligence in automation using the observed behaviour (3) evaluating social intelligence in smart mobility technologies and (4) privacy and cybersecurity by design in smart mobility technologies and services. This research program will train 2 PhD, 3 MASc, and 5 undergraduate students, who will be able to join the industry and academia with cutting edge skill sets. Strong emphasis will be given to the principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion. The program will help Canada better prepare for the connectivity and automation, become a leader in the adoption of smart mobility, and create high tech economic activity.