Towards Social Intelligence in Smart Mobility Systems: Technologies, Methods, and Applications

在过去的几年里，在将交通系统从物理系统转变为高度智能的网络物理系统方面取得了长足的进步。智能软件和硬件的结合为交通系统带来了高水平的连通性和自动化。这些发展有可能解决现有的关键问题，例如拥堵、安全、按需服务和第一/最后一英里问题，并引入新的移动服务，改变我们的移动体验和模式。我们已经看到了各种各样的例子，包括a）Waymo在亚利桑那州和加州提供的机器人出租车服务，B）Panelman在贝尔维尔提供的按需叫车服务，或c）Waze提供的动态、面向用户的路线。到目前为止，重点是技术和服务的发展以及直接的人身安全方面。然而，人与技术的互动、接受程度、可持续性、网络安全和隐私保护等基本问题仍然悬而未决。这导致了最近的各种失误，例如2019年7月，在维也纳，一辆以12公里/小时的速度行驶的自动驾驶班车撞上了一名行人。因此，整个审判暂停。尽管多伦多的Sidewalk Labs Quayside项目承诺了高质量的生活，但人们对他们的互联和自动化社区有着相当程度的负面情绪。 为了应对这些挑战，迫切需要使智能移动技术和服务具有社会智能和可信赖性，即使其了解如何在与人类互动时对不同的社交情况做出反应，并根据环境和个人行为有效地修改其互动。该计划的目的是在智能移动技术中开发深度社会智能，例如自动驾驶汽车（AV），交付机器人和无人机以及服务，例如共享按需移动，其中连接和自动化是核心。在这种情况下，将探讨四个方面：（1）使用逼真的虚拟沉浸式现实环境捕捉人类行为的详细实验（2）使用观察到的行为增强自动化中的社会智能（3）评估智能移动技术中的社会智能（4）通过智能移动技术和服务设计的隐私和网络安全。 该研究计划将培养2名博士，3名硕士和5名本科生，他们将能够加入具有尖端技能的行业和学术界。将大力强调公平，多样性和包容性的原则。该计划将帮助加拿大更好地为连接和自动化做好准备，成为采用智能移动的领导者，并创造高科技经济活动。

In the past few years, great strides have been made in transforming transportation systems from a physical to a highly intelligent cyberphysical systems. A combination of intelligent software and hardware has brought high levels of connectivity and automation to transportation systems. These developments have the potential to address key existing issues e.g. congestion, safety, on-demand service, and first/last mile problems, as well as introducing new mobility services that will transform our mobility experience and patterns. We already see various examples, including a) the robotaxi service offered by Waymo in Arizona and California b) on-demand bus ride-hailing service provided by Pantonium in Belleville or c) dynamic, user-oriented routing offered by Waze. The focus so far has been on the technologies and services development and immediate physical safety aspects. However, essential issues like human-technology interactions, acceptance level, sustainability, cybersecurity, and privacy preservation remain open. This has resulted in various recent missteps e.g. in July 2019, in Vienna an autonomous shuttle driving at 12km/h struck a pedestrian. As a result, the full trial was suspended. Despite the high quality of living promised by Sidewalk labs Quayside project in Toronto, there is a significant level of negative sentiment about their connected and automated neighbourhood. To address these challenges, there is a strong need to make smart mobility technologies and services socially intelligent and trustable i.e. equip them with the understanding of how to react to different social situations when interacting with humans and effectively modify their interactions based on the context and individual behaviour. The aim of this program is to develop deep social intelligence in smart mobility technologies e.g. automated vehicle (AV), delivery robots, and drones as well as services e.g. shared on-demand mobility, where the connectivity and automation are at core. In this context four dimensions will be explored: (1) detailed experiments using realistic virtual immersive reality environment for capturing human behaviour (2) enhancing social intelligence in automation using the observed behaviour (3) evaluating social intelligence in smart mobility technologies and (4) privacy and cybersecurity by design in smart mobility technologies and services. This research program will train 2 PhD, 3 MASc, and 5 undergraduate students, who will be able to join the industry and academia with cutting edge skill sets. Strong emphasis will be given to the principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion. The program will help Canada better prepare for the connectivity and automation, become a leader in the adoption of smart mobility, and create high tech economic activity.