Towards Social Intelligence in Smart Mobility Systems: Technologies, Methods, and Applications

在过去的几年里，交通系统从实体系统向高度智能的网络物理系统的转变取得了巨大的进步。智能软件和硬件的结合为交通系统带来了高水平的连通性和自动化。这些发展有可能解决现有的关键问题，如拥堵、安全、按需服务和第一/最后一英里问题，以及引入新的移动服务，将改变我们的移动体验和模式。我们已经看到了各种各样的例子，包括a) Waymo在亚利桑那州和加利福尼亚州提供的自动出租车服务；b) Pantonium在贝尔维尔提供的按需巴士叫车服务；c) Waze提供的以用户为导向的动态路线。到目前为止，重点是技术和服务的发展以及直接的人身安全方面。然而，人机交互、可接受程度、可持续性、网络安全和隐私保护等关键问题仍然悬而未决。这导致了最近的各种失误，例如，2019年7月，在维也纳，一辆以12公里/小时的速度行驶的自动驾驶班车撞上了一名行人。因此，整个审判被暂停。尽管Sidewalk labs在多伦多的Quayside项目承诺提供高质量的生活，但人们对他们的连接和自动化社区有很大的负面情绪。

In the past few years, great strides have been made in transforming transportation systems from a physical to a highly intelligent cyberphysical systems. A combination of intelligent software and hardware has brought high levels of connectivity and automation to transportation systems. These developments have the potential to address key existing issues e.g. congestion, safety, on-demand service, and first/last mile problems, as well as introducing new mobility services that will transform our mobility experience and patterns. We already see various examples, including a) the robotaxi service offered by Waymo in Arizona and California b) on-demand bus ride-hailing service provided by Pantonium in Belleville or c) dynamic, user-oriented routing offered by Waze. The focus so far has been on the technologies and services development and immediate physical safety aspects. However, essential issues like human-technology interactions, acceptance level, sustainability, cybersecurity, and privacy preservation remain open. This has resulted in various recent missteps e.g. in July 2019, in Vienna an autonomous shuttle driving at 12km/h struck a pedestrian. As a result, the full trial was suspended. Despite the high quality of living promised by Sidewalk labs Quayside project in Toronto, there is a significant level of negative sentiment about their connected and automated neighbourhood. To address these challenges, there is a strong need to make smart mobility technologies and services socially intelligent and trustable i.e. equip them with the understanding of how to react to different social situations when interacting with humans and effectively modify their interactions based on the context and individual behaviour. The aim of this program is to develop deep social intelligence in smart mobility technologies e.g. automated vehicle (AV), delivery robots, and drones as well as services e.g. shared on-demand mobility, where the connectivity and automation are at core. In this context four dimensions will be explored: (1) detailed experiments using realistic virtual immersive reality environment for capturing human behaviour (2) enhancing social intelligence in automation using the observed behaviour (3) evaluating social intelligence in smart mobility technologies and (4) privacy and cybersecurity by design in smart mobility technologies and services. This research program will train 2 PhD, 3 MASc, and 5 undergraduate students, who will be able to join the industry and academia with cutting edge skill sets. Strong emphasis will be given to the principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion. The program will help Canada better prepare for the connectivity and automation, become a leader in the adoption of smart mobility, and create high tech economic activity.