Automatic water samplers and salinometer for Arctic coastal oceanography research and training

用于北极沿海海洋学研究和培训的自动水采样器和盐度计

• 批准号: RTI-2021-00729
• 负责人: Kuzyk, ZouZou
• 金额: $ 9.06万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=718008
• 关键词: Automatic; water; samplers; salinometer; Arctic

We request a portable salinometer and two automatic water samplers to support the integrated Arctic coastal oceanography and climate change research programs of four faculty members in the Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS), University of Manitoba (UofM). The research programs span biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and carbon and implications of climate change; air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide as influenced by river inflows to the coastal domain; physical and biological controls of primary production in the Arctic; and seasonal decay and breakup of sea ice. The research programs all draw on new data obtained through intensive field campaigns onboard coastal research vessels and through research collaborations with northern Indigenous communities. A portable salinometer is urgently needed because salinity underpins all other measurements made as part of the research. Three oceanographic field campaigns are planned for 2021 that will require analysis of this most fundamental ocean parameter. Currently, large numbers of salinity samples in glass bottles have to be transported south to UofM and then to labs on either coast resulting in delays in research and loss of training opportunities for our highly qualified personnel (HQP). The automatic water samplers are instruments that can be deployed on taut-line moorings or suspended from sea ice down to depths of 30 m and programmed to collect discrete samples of water at pre-set times. The samplers allow coastal ocean water sampling operations to be extended in frequency (hourly to weekly), and to places (e.g., polynyas) and time periods (e.g., ice melt and breakup) that are inaccessible by any other means and/or cost prohibitive. Many critical gaps remain in our understanding of freshwater, carbon, nutrient, and phytoplankton dynamics in Arctic and sub-Arctic coastal waters because periods of ice breakup and freeze-up are nearly impossible to sample. Data obtained from sensors that can be moored throughout these periods are woefully insufficient for studying biogeochemical processes: for example, even to distinguish the influence of river water vs. sea-ice melt on changes in salinity, discrete water samples obtained with samplers are required. The samplers also allow time-series data for nonconservative elements such as carbon and nitrogen that respond to the dynamic freshwater cycles of coastal areas and undergo modification by biological processes. The salinometer and samplers open up new possibilities that will elevate HQP training. We anticipate that 20 or more HQP will make use of the instruments during the coming three-year period when coastal research expeditions and winter field campaigns are planned. Women and northern Indigenous trainees will be well represented in the training with the instruments, considering strong interest in marine, coastal and aquatic sciences among female students at UofM and strong uptake of our community-based monitoring programs around Hudson Bay.

我们要求一个便携式盐度计和两个自动水采样器，以支持在地球观测科学中心（CEOS），马尼托巴大学（UofM）的四名教师的综合北极沿海海洋学和气候变化研究计划。这些研究计划涵盖营养物和碳的地球化学循环以及气候变化的影响;流入沿海地区的河流影响的二氧化碳的海气交换;北极初级生产的物理和生物控制;海冰的季节性衰减和分解。这些研究方案都利用了通过沿海研究船上密集的实地活动以及通过与北方土著社区的研究合作获得的新数据。迫切需要一种便携式盐度计，因为盐度是研究中所有其他测量的基础。计划在2021年进行三次海洋学实地活动，需要对这一最基本的海洋参数进行分析。目前，玻璃瓶中的大量盐度样品必须向南运输到密歇根大学，然后再运到两岸的实验室，导致研究延迟，并失去了我们高素质人员（HQP）的培训机会。自动水取样器是一种仪器，可以部署在拉紧线系泊系统上或悬挂在海冰上，深度为30米，并按程序在预先设定的时间收集离散的水样本。采样器允许沿海海水采样操作的频率（每小时到每周）和地点（例如，冰穴）和时间段（例如，冰融化和破裂），其通过任何其它方式不可及和/或成本过高。在我们对北极和亚北极沿海沃茨的淡水、碳、营养物和浮游植物动态的理解中，仍然存在许多关键的空白，因为冰破裂和冻结的时期几乎不可能取样。从传感器获得的数据，可以停泊在整个这些时期是远远不够的研究地球化学过程：例如，即使是区分河水与海冰融化对盐度变化的影响，离散的水样本获得的采样器是必要的。这些采样器还可以提供碳和氮等非保守元素的时间序列数据，这些元素对沿海地区的动态淡水循环作出反应，并受到生物过程的影响。 盐度计和采样器开辟了新的可能性，将提升HQP培训。我们预计，在未来三年内，当海岸研究考察和冬季实地考察计划进行时，将有20个或更多的HQP使用这些仪器。妇女和北方土著受训人员将在培训中充分代表与仪器，考虑到在海洋，沿海和水产科学的女学生在密歇根大学和我们的社区为基础的监测方案的强烈吸收周围哈德逊湾的强烈兴趣。