Understanding the principles of complex trait inheritance and genetic incompatibility

这一建议旨在为研究控制菜豆三个遗传复杂性状的数量性状基因座(即基因组片段或QTL)的遗传方式、频率和表型效应奠定基础。该计划的长期目标是了解有害等位基因在自花授粉作物物种适合性和改良中的作用，特别是它们参与复杂的性状结构和遗传亲和性。短期目标将是发展多亲高世代杂交(魔术)种群。我们将创建三个结构化的群体，其中包含多个可验证的基因组片段，最大限度地进行重组和多QTL导入，将抗病和耐旱性作为正在研究的复杂性状。白霉病是干豆上的一种严重病害，在高投入灌溉生产系统中尤为严重。在这种情况下，灌溉可能会导致更高的白霉病发病率。第一个具体目标将发展对白霉病持久抗性的遗传机制的知识。德·巴里。在干豆中，间歇性和终末性干旱胁迫事件导致全球60%以上的生产力损失。加拿大的干豆种植区经常需要补充灌溉，特别是西部省份。2016-2035年期间的预测预测降水量将减少10%。第二个目标将涉及发展种群，以了解干旱胁迫耐受性背后的遗传学。新技术有望实现多个独立QTL的定向导入，这些QTL负责增强白霉病抗性或抗旱性。我们假设：i)来自全基因组序列的大量遗传标记能够告知多个相互作用的QTL向结构化群体的渗入速度；ii)田间传感器能够以足够的吞吐量提高测量和解剖感兴趣的性状的精度，同时最小化误差并在积累多个QTL时最大化选择精度；iii)可以使用针对感兴趣的QTL的自适应统计模型来预测具有多个相互作用的QTL的个体的定向重组和选择。该计划的结果将通过开发单核苷酸多态(SNP)阵列和田间高通量表型工具，为改良豆类作物的复杂性状创造一个平台。加拿大的植物育种计划将从所获得的结果中受益匪浅。具体地说，对复杂遗传结构的了解将使加拿大豆类育种计划能够设计策略，以加快遗传增益的速度。更重要的是，将揭示复杂性状遗传原理的突破，影响自花授粉作物的遗传获得率。

This proposal intends to establish the basis for studying the inheritance patterns, frequency and phenotypic effects of accumulating quantitative trait loci (i.e. genome segments or QTL) that control three genetically complex traits in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The long-term objective of the program is to understand the role of deleterious alleles in the fitness and improvement of self-pollinated crop species, particularly their involvement in complex trait architecture and genetic compatibility. The short-term goal will be to develop multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations. We will create three structured populations that contain multiple verifiable genomic segments maximized for recombination and multi-QTL introgression using disease resistance and drought tolerance as complex traits under study. White mold is a serious disease in dry bean, particularly in high-input irrigated production systems. In such situations, irrigation can potentially lead into higher white mold disease incidence. The first specific objective will develop knowledge on the genetic mechanisms of durable resistance to white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. de Bary. In dry bean, intermittent and terminal drought stress events results in losses in productivity of over 60% worldwide. Dry bean growing regions of Canada often require supplemental irrigation, particularly the western provinces. The projections for the 2016-2035 period predict a decrease in precipitation of up to 10%. The second objective will involve developing populations for understanding the genetics behind drought stress tolerance. New technologies promise to enable the guided introgression of multiple independent QTL responsible for enhanced white mold resistance or drought tolerance. We hypothesize that: i) large arrays of genetic markers derived from whole genome sequences are capable of informing rate of introgression of multiple interacting QTL of interest into structured populations; ii) field sensors can increase the precision in measuring and dissecting traits of interest with sufficient throughput while minimizing error and maximize selection accuracy in accumulating multiple QTL; iii) directed recombination and selection for individuals with multiple interacting QTL can be predicted using adaptive statistical models specific to QTL of interest. The results from this program will create a platform for improving complex traits in pulse crops by developing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and high-throughput phenotyping tools in the field. Canadian plant breeding programs will benefit significantly from the results obtained. Specifically, the understanding of complex genetic structure will enable Canadian pulse breeding programs to design strategies to accelerate the rate of genetic gain. More importantly, a breakthrough into the principles governing complex trait inheritance will be revealed, impacting the rate of genetic gain in self-pollinated crops.