Understanding the principles of complex trait inheritance and genetic incompatibility

本研究旨在为研究干豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.） 3个遗传复杂性状的数量性状位点（即基因组片段或QTL）积累的遗传模式、频率和表型效应奠定基础。该项目的长期目标是了解有害等位基因在自花授粉作物物种的适应性和改进中的作用，特别是它们在复杂性状结构和遗传相容性中的作用。短期目标是发展多亲本先进代杂交（MAGIC）群体。我们将以抗病性和耐旱性作为研究的复杂性状，创建三个包含多个可验证的基因组片段的结构群体，这些基因组片段最大限度地用于重组和多qtl渗入。白霉病是干豆的一种严重病害，特别是在高投入的灌溉生产系统中。在这种情况下，灌溉可能会导致更高的白霉菌病发病率。第一个具体目标是发展对白霉菌菌核菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib）持久抗性的遗传机制。对于。在干豆方面，间歇性和终末干旱胁迫事件导致全球60%以上的生产力损失。加拿大的干豆种植区经常需要补充灌溉，特别是西部省份。对2016-2035年期间的预测预测，降水将减少10%。第二个目标将涉及发展种群，以了解耐旱性背后的遗传学。新技术有望实现多个独立QTL的引导导入，这些QTL负责增强白霉抗性或耐旱性。我们假设：i)来自全基因组序列的大阵列遗传标记能够告知结构群体中多个相互作用的QTL的渗入率；ii)现场传感器可以在足够的吞吐量下提高测量和解剖感兴趣性状的精度，同时在积累多个QTL时最小化误差并最大化选择精度；iii)使用特定于感兴趣QTL的自适应统计模型，可以预测具有多个相互作用QTL的个体的定向重组和选择。该项目的成果将通过开发单核苷酸多态性（SNP）阵列和高通量表型工具，为改善脉冲作物的复杂性状创造一个平台。加拿大的植物育种计划将从获得的结果中受益匪浅。具体来说，对复杂遗传结构的理解将使加拿大的脉冲育种计划能够设计策略来加速遗传增益的速度。更重要的是，将揭示复杂性状遗传原理的突破，影响自花授粉作物的遗传增益率。

This proposal intends to establish the basis for studying the inheritance patterns, frequency and phenotypic effects of accumulating quantitative trait loci (i.e. genome segments or QTL) that control three genetically complex traits in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The long-term objective of the program is to understand the role of deleterious alleles in the fitness and improvement of self-pollinated crop species, particularly their involvement in complex trait architecture and genetic compatibility. The short-term goal will be to develop multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations. We will create three structured populations that contain multiple verifiable genomic segments maximized for recombination and multi-QTL introgression using disease resistance and drought tolerance as complex traits under study. White mold is a serious disease in dry bean, particularly in high-input irrigated production systems. In such situations, irrigation can potentially lead into higher white mold disease incidence. The first specific objective will develop knowledge on the genetic mechanisms of durable resistance to white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. de Bary. In dry bean, intermittent and terminal drought stress events results in losses in productivity of over 60% worldwide. Dry bean growing regions of Canada often require supplemental irrigation, particularly the western provinces. The projections for the 2016-2035 period predict a decrease in precipitation of up to 10%. The second objective will involve developing populations for understanding the genetics behind drought stress tolerance. New technologies promise to enable the guided introgression of multiple independent QTL responsible for enhanced white mold resistance or drought tolerance. We hypothesize that: i) large arrays of genetic markers derived from whole genome sequences are capable of informing rate of introgression of multiple interacting QTL of interest into structured populations; ii) field sensors can increase the precision in measuring and dissecting traits of interest with sufficient throughput while minimizing error and maximize selection accuracy in accumulating multiple QTL; iii) directed recombination and selection for individuals with multiple interacting QTL can be predicted using adaptive statistical models specific to QTL of interest. The results from this program will create a platform for improving complex traits in pulse crops by developing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and high-throughput phenotyping tools in the field. Canadian plant breeding programs will benefit significantly from the results obtained. Specifically, the understanding of complex genetic structure will enable Canadian pulse breeding programs to design strategies to accelerate the rate of genetic gain. More importantly, a breakthrough into the principles governing complex trait inheritance will be revealed, impacting the rate of genetic gain in self-pollinated crops.