Understanding the principles of complex trait inheritance and genetic incompatibility

了解复杂性状遗传和遗传不相容性的原理

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-07002
• 负责人: HoyosVillegas, Valerio
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741538
• 关键词: Understanding; principles; complex; trait; inheritance

This proposal intends to establish the basis for studying the inheritance patterns, frequency and phenotypic effects of accumulating quantitative trait loci (i.e. genome segments or QTL) that control three genetically complex traits in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The long-term objective of the program is to understand the role of deleterious alleles in the fitness and improvement of self-pollinated crop species, particularly their involvement in complex trait architecture and genetic compatibility. The short-term goal will be to develop multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations. We will create three structured populations that contain multiple verifiable genomic segments maximized for recombination and multi-QTL introgression using disease resistance and drought tolerance as complex traits under study. White mold is a serious disease in dry bean, particularly in high-input irrigated production systems. In such situations, irrigation can potentially lead into higher white mold disease incidence. The first specific objective will develop knowledge on the genetic mechanisms of durable resistance to white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. de Bary. In dry bean, intermittent and terminal drought stress events results in losses in productivity of over 60% worldwide. Dry bean growing regions of Canada often require supplemental irrigation, particularly the western provinces. The projections for the 2016-2035 period predict a decrease in precipitation of up to 10%. The second objective will involve developing populations for understanding the genetics behind drought stress tolerance. New technologies promise to enable the guided introgression of multiple independent QTL responsible for enhanced white mold resistance or drought tolerance. We hypothesize that: i) large arrays of genetic markers derived from whole genome sequences are capable of informing rate of introgression of multiple interacting QTL of interest into structured populations; ii) field sensors can increase the precision in measuring and dissecting traits of interest with sufficient throughput while minimizing error and maximize selection accuracy in accumulating multiple QTL; iii) directed recombination and selection for individuals with multiple interacting QTL can be predicted using adaptive statistical models specific to QTL of interest. The results from this program will create a platform for improving complex traits in pulse crops by developing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and high-throughput phenotyping tools in the field. Canadian plant breeding programs will benefit significantly from the results obtained. Specifically, the understanding of complex genetic structure will enable Canadian pulse breeding programs to design strategies to accelerate the rate of genetic gain. More importantly, a breakthrough into the principles governing complex trait inheritance will be revealed, impacting the rate of genetic gain in self-pollinated crops.

该提案旨在为研究控制干豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）三个遗传复杂性状的累积数量性状位点（即基因组片段或 QTL）的遗传模式、频率和表型效应奠定基础。该计划的长期目标是了解有害等位基因在自花授粉作物物种的适应性和改良中的作用，特别是它们在复杂性状结构和遗传相容性中的参与。短期目标是发展多亲先进代杂交（MAGIC）种群。我们将创建三个结构化群体，其中包含多个可验证的基因组片段，最大限度地用于重组和多 QTL 渗入，使用抗病性和耐旱性作为正在研究的复杂性状。白霉病是干豆的一种严重病害，特别是在高投入的灌溉生产系统中。在这种情况下，灌溉可能会导致白霉病的发病率更高。第一个具体目标是开发对白霉（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib.）持久抗性的遗传机制的知识。德巴里.对于干豆来说，间歇性和终末干旱胁迫事件导致全球生产力损失 60% 以上。加拿大的干豆种植地区通常需要补充灌溉，特别是西部省份。预计 2016 年至 2035 年期间降水量将减少 10%。第二个目标将涉及培养人口以了解干旱胁迫耐受性背后的遗传学。新技术有望实现多个独立QTL的引导渗入，这些QTL负责增强白霉抗性或耐旱性。我们假设： i) 来自全基因组序列的大量遗传标记能够告知多个相互作用的感兴趣的 QTL 渗入结构化群体的速率； ii) 现场传感器可以以足够的通量提高测量和剖析感兴趣性状的精度，同时最小化误差并最大化积累多个QTL的选择准确性； iii) 可以使用特定于感兴趣的 QTL 的自适应统计模型来预测具有多个相互作用 QTL 的个体的定向重组和选择。该项目的结果将创建一个平台，通过开发单核苷酸多态性（SNP）阵列和现场高通量表型分析工具来改善豆类作物的复杂性状。加拿大植物育种计划将从所获得的结果中受益匪浅。具体来说，对复杂遗传结构的了解将使加拿大豆类育种计划能够设计加速遗传增益速度的策略。更重要的是，将揭示控制复杂性状遗传原理的突破，影响自花授粉作物的遗传增益率。