Genomic strategies to enhance winter field survival and stabilized yield in fall seeded cereals.

提高冬季田间存活率和稳定秋季播种谷物产量的基因组策略。

• 批准号: 549031-2019
• 负责人: Chibbar, Ravindra
• 金额: $ 16万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=721080
• 关键词: Genomic; strategies; enhance; winter; field

The three Prairie Provinces account for 84% of the arable land in Canada, where wheat is one of the major crops, with annual production of 25-30 million metric tons bringing about $5 billion in export revenue. Spring wheat is the dominant type grown on the Prairies (~ 93%), whereas fall-seeded winter wheat is relatively low (<5%). Fall seeded winter cereals provide soil cover in the autumn and nesting grounds for wild life in the early spring, supporting the natural Prairie habitat. Early emergence of fall seeded winter cereals efficiently use spring moisture, grow vigorously outcompeting weeds, mature earlier and yield 20 - 40% more in years with low winter kill. The major challenge for winter wheat production on the Prairies is the survival of the very harsh prairie winters with extreme low temperatures (= -30oC). Improving low temperature (LT) tolerance and winter field survival in fall-seeded crops is urgently needed for producers to include the environmentally friendly winter cereals in a sustainable crop production system. During fall, exposure to non-freezing low temperature, winter cereals cold acclimate to gain LT tolerance that is influenced by environmental factors (day length, light quality and temperature) and seedling growth characteristics (final leaf number, prostrate growth habit and anthocyanin production), that are controlled by several genes. We recently identified several regions on the wheat and rye genomes associated with the developmental traits, LT tolerance and winter field survival. Combining the characterized wheat genomic regions resulted in 26 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RIL) with enhanced LT tolerance and improved winter field survival. The identified wheat RIL will be genotyped by sequencing and use the recently sequenced wheat and rye genomes to characterize candidate genes responsible for enhanced LT tolerance and winter field survival. The introgression of the characterized genes into elite winter wheat genotypes will accelerate the development of 'Climate Resilient Winter Wheat' for the benefit of Canadian producers to incorporate in the sustainable crop production portfolios, while opening up new international markets.

三个草原省占加拿大耕地面积的84%，小麦是主要作物之一，年产量为2500万至3000万吨，出口收入约为50亿美元。春小麦是大草原上种植的主要类型（约93%），而秋播冬小麦相对较低（<5%）。秋季播种的冬季谷物在秋季提供土壤覆盖，在早春为野生动物提供筑巢地，支持自然草原栖息地。早出苗的秋播冬季谷物有效地利用春天的水分，生长旺盛，胜过竞争杂草，成熟早，产量在冬季死亡率低的年份增加20 - 40%。大草原冬小麦生产面临的主要挑战是在极端低温（=-30 ° C）的大草原冬季生存。提高秋播作物的低温耐受性和冬季田间存活率是生产者迫切需要的，以便将环境友好的冬季谷物纳入可持续的作物生产系统。 在秋季，暴露于非冻结的低温下，冬季谷物冷驯化以获得LT耐受性，其受环境因素（日长、光质和温度）和幼苗生长特性（最终叶片数、匍匐生长习性和花青素产生）的影响，这些受多个基因控制。我们最近确定了小麦和黑麦基因组上与发育性状、LT耐受性和冬季田间存活相关的几个区域。结合特征小麦基因组区域，产生了26个冬小麦重组自交系（RIL），具有增强的LT耐受性和提高的冬季田间存活。鉴定的小麦RIL将通过测序进行基因分型，并使用最近测序的小麦和黑麦基因组来表征负责增强LT耐受性和冬季田间存活的候选基因。将这些特征基因渗入到优良冬小麦基因型中将加速“气候适应性冬小麦”的发展，使加拿大生产者能够将其纳入可持续作物生产组合，同时开辟新的国际市场。