Genomic strategies to enhance winter field survival and stabilized yield in fall seeded cereals.

提高冬季田间存活率和稳定秋季播种谷物产量的基因组策略。

• 批准号: 549031-2019
• 负责人: Chibbar, Ravindra
• 金额: $ 16万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=721080
• 关键词: Genomic; strategies; enhance; winter; field

The three Prairie Provinces account for 84% of the arable land in Canada, where wheat is one of the major crops, with annual production of 25-30 million metric tons bringing about $5 billion in export revenue. Spring wheat is the dominant type grown on the Prairies (~ 93%), whereas fall-seeded winter wheat is relatively low (<5%). Fall seeded winter cereals provide soil cover in the autumn and nesting grounds for wild life in the early spring, supporting the natural Prairie habitat. Early emergence of fall seeded winter cereals efficiently use spring moisture, grow vigorously outcompeting weeds, mature earlier and yield 20 - 40% more in years with low winter kill. The major challenge for winter wheat production on the Prairies is the survival of the very harsh prairie winters with extreme low temperatures (= -30oC). Improving low temperature (LT) tolerance and winter field survival in fall-seeded crops is urgently needed for producers to include the environmentally friendly winter cereals in a sustainable crop production system. During fall, exposure to non-freezing low temperature, winter cereals cold acclimate to gain LT tolerance that is influenced by environmental factors (day length, light quality and temperature) and seedling growth characteristics (final leaf number, prostrate growth habit and anthocyanin production), that are controlled by several genes. We recently identified several regions on the wheat and rye genomes associated with the developmental traits, LT tolerance and winter field survival. Combining the characterized wheat genomic regions resulted in 26 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RIL) with enhanced LT tolerance and improved winter field survival. The identified wheat RIL will be genotyped by sequencing and use the recently sequenced wheat and rye genomes to characterize candidate genes responsible for enhanced LT tolerance and winter field survival. The introgression of the characterized genes into elite winter wheat genotypes will accelerate the development of 'Climate Resilient Winter Wheat' for the benefit of Canadian producers to incorporate in the sustainable crop production portfolios, while opening up new international markets.

草原三省占加拿大耕地面积的84%，小麦是主要作物之一，年产量为2500万至3000万吨，出口收入约为50亿美元。春小麦是草原上种植的优势品种（约93%），而秋种冬小麦相对较少（<5%）。秋天播种的冬季谷物在秋天为土壤提供了覆盖，在早春为野生动物提供了筑巢的场所，支持了天然的草原栖息地。早出苗期秋种冬粮有效地利用了春季水分，生长旺盛，在低冬杀年份成熟早，产量高出20 ~ 40%。草原冬小麦生产面临的主要挑战是如何在极低温（= -30℃）下度过非常严酷的草原冬季。生产者迫切需要提高秋季种子作物的低温耐受性和冬季田间存活率，以便将环境友好的冬季谷物纳入可持续作物生产系统。在秋季，冬季谷物暴露于非冰冻低温环境中，获得低温耐受性，这受环境因素（日照长度、光质和温度）和幼苗生长特性（终叶数、匍匐生长习性和花青素产量）的影响，这些因素受多个基因控制。我们最近在小麦和黑麦基因组上发现了几个与发育性状、耐低温性和冬季田间存活相关的区域。结合特征小麦基因组区域，获得了26个冬小麦重组自交系（RIL），这些自交系具有较强的耐低温性和较好的冬季田间成活率。鉴定出的小麦RIL将通过测序进行基因分型，并使用最近测序的小麦和黑麦基因组来表征负责增强LT耐受性和冬季田间存活率的候选基因。这些特征基因向优质冬小麦基因型的渗透将加速“气候适应型冬小麦”的发展，有利于加拿大生产者将其纳入可持续作物生产组合，同时开辟新的国际市场。