Genomic strategies to enhance winter field survival and stabilized yield in fall seeded cereals.

这三个草原省份占加拿大耕地面积的84%，小麦是加拿大的主要农作物之一，年产量为2500万至3000万吨，带来约50亿美元的出口收入。春小麦是草原上种植的主要类型(~93%)，而秋播冬小麦相对较少(&lt；5%)。秋季播种的冬季谷物在秋季提供土壤覆盖，在早春为野生动物提供筑巢地，支持自然的草原栖息地。秋播冬粮早出苗能有效利用春季水分，比杂草长势旺盛，成熟期早，冬害少的年份增产20%~40%。草原冬小麦生产的主要挑战是如何在极端低温(=-30摄氏度)的严酷草原冬季生存下来。生产者迫切需要提高秋播作物的耐低温性和冬田存活率，以便将环境友好型冬季谷物纳入可持续作物生产体系。在秋季，暴露在非冰冻的低温下，冬季谷类作物适应低温，获得耐低温能力，这受环境因素(日长、光照质量和温度)和幼苗生长特性(最终叶数、地上生长习性和花青素产生)的影响，这些因素受多个基因控制。我们最近在小麦和黑麦基因组上发现了与发育性状、耐热性和冬田存活相关的几个区域。结合小麦基因组的特征区域，获得了26个冬小麦重组自交系(RIL)，这些自交系具有更强的耐低温能力和更好的冬田存活率。已鉴定的小麦RIL将通过测序进行基因分型，并使用最近测序的小麦和黑麦基因组来表征与增强LT耐受性和冬季田间生存有关的候选基因。将特征基因导入优质冬小麦品种将加快‘气候适应性冬小麦’的发展，使加拿大生产者受益于纳入可持续作物生产组合，同时开拓新的国际市场。

The three Prairie Provinces account for 84% of the arable land in Canada, where wheat is one of the major crops, with annual production of 25-30 million metric tons bringing about $5 billion in export revenue. Spring wheat is the dominant type grown on the Prairies (~ 93%), whereas fall-seeded winter wheat is relatively low (<5%). Fall seeded winter cereals provide soil cover in the autumn and nesting grounds for wild life in the early spring, supporting the natural Prairie habitat. Early emergence of fall seeded winter cereals efficiently use spring moisture, grow vigorously outcompeting weeds, mature earlier and yield 20 - 40% more in years with low winter kill. The major challenge for winter wheat production on the Prairies is the survival of the very harsh prairie winters with extreme low temperatures (= -30oC). Improving low temperature (LT) tolerance and winter field survival in fall-seeded crops is urgently needed for producers to include the environmentally friendly winter cereals in a sustainable crop production system. During fall, exposure to non-freezing low temperature, winter cereals cold acclimate to gain LT tolerance that is influenced by environmental factors (day length, light quality and temperature) and seedling growth characteristics (final leaf number, prostrate growth habit and anthocyanin production), that are controlled by several genes. We recently identified several regions on the wheat and rye genomes associated with the developmental traits, LT tolerance and winter field survival. Combining the characterized wheat genomic regions resulted in 26 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RIL) with enhanced LT tolerance and improved winter field survival. The identified wheat RIL will be genotyped by sequencing and use the recently sequenced wheat and rye genomes to characterize candidate genes responsible for enhanced LT tolerance and winter field survival. The introgression of the characterized genes into elite winter wheat genotypes will accelerate the development of 'Climate Resilient Winter Wheat' for the benefit of Canadian producers to incorporate in the sustainable crop production portfolios, while opening up new international markets.