Characterization of new sources of fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance and introgress it in to Saskatchewan elite wheat cultivars

镰刀菌赤霉病（FHB）抗性新来源的表征并将其渗入萨斯喀彻温省优良小麦品种

• 批准号: 500667-2016
• 负责人: Chibbar, Ravindra
• 金额: $ 2.98万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=688182
• 关键词: Characterization; new; sources; fusarium; head

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop in Canada grown over 10 million hectares with a total production of 27.5 to 29.2 million tonnes during the last three years (Anonymous 2016). Globally Canada is the sixth major producer and third major exporter (20 million tons worth $6.5 billion) of wheat during 2013. Wheat is a major contributor to Canadian agricultural economy and food production. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the major diseases of wheat and other cereals. In Western Canada over the last decade, FHB has been gradually progressing from east to west. In Saskatchewan, Fusarium spp. infected grains harvested during 2014 were two times or more than those in 2013. Fusarium infection not only disrupts seed development and lowers yield but also makes the grain unfit for human consumption by contaminating grains with fungal toxins. The devastating effects of FHB persists through every stage of the wheat value chain from production, trade, food, feed, processing, domestic and international trade. Therefore, increasing FHB progression over the years in Canada is a matter of great concern to grain producers, scientists and government. Improving crop management practices, and strengthening host resistance, are the two major strategies to control wheat FHB infection. The proposed project focuses on developing FHB resistant wheat germplasm to combat FHB infection. A novel laboratory based method has been developed to create genetic variation and screen wheat genotypes for FHB resistance. The method has been used to identify FHB resistant wheat lines and characterize genes conferring the FHB resistance. DNA markers have been developed for FHB resistant genes in wheat. The FHB resistant lines will be crossed with elite Canadian wheat cultivars to develop FHB resistant wheat cultivars adapted to Canadian conditions. DNA markers will be used in a marker assisted selection approach to develop FHB cultivars in an accelerated time schedule. Successful completion of this project will result in FHB wheat cultivars that can combat FHB infection in an environmentally friendly manner.

小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 是加拿大的主要作物，过去三年种植面积超过 1000 万公顷，总产量为 27.5 至 2920 万吨（匿名，2016 年）。 2013年，加拿大是全球第六大小麦生产国和第三大小麦出口国（2000万吨，价值65亿美元）。小麦是加拿大农业经济和粮食生产的主要贡献者。赤霉病（FHB）是小麦和其他谷物的主要病害之一。在过去的十年里，FHB在加拿大西部逐渐从东向西发展。在萨斯喀彻温省，镰刀菌属。 2014 年收获的受感染谷物是 2013 年的两倍或更多。镰刀菌感染不仅会破坏种子发育并降低产量，而且还会因真菌毒素污染谷物而导致谷物不适合人类食用。 FHB 的破坏性影响持续存在于小麦价值链的各个阶段，从生产、贸易、食品、饲料、加工、国内和国际贸易。 因此，多年来加拿大 FHB 进展不断增加是粮食生产者、科学家和政府高度关注的问题。改善作物管理措施和增强寄主抗性是控制小麦FHB感染的两大策略。 拟议项目的重点是开发 FHB 抗性小麦种质以对抗 FHB 感染。 一种基于实验室的新方法已被开发出来，用于产生遗传变异并筛选小麦基因型的 FHB 抗性。 该方法已用于鉴定 FHB 抗性小麦品系并表征赋予 FHB 抗性的基因。小麦中 FHB 抗性基因的 DNA 标记已被开发出来。 FHB 抗性品系将与加拿大优良小麦品种杂交，以开发适应加拿大条件的 FHB 抗性小麦品种。 DNA 标记将用于标记辅助选择方法，以加快开发 FHB 品种。 该项目的成功完成将培育出能够以环境友好的方式对抗 FHB 感染的 FHB 小麦品种。