Characterization of new sources of fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance and introgress it in to Saskatchewan elite wheat cultivars

镰刀菌赤霉病（FHB）抗性新来源的表征并将其渗入萨斯喀彻温省优良小麦品种

• 批准号: 500667-2016
• 负责人: Chibbar, Ravindra
• 金额: $ 2.98万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=688182
• 关键词: Characterization; new; sources; fusarium; head

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop in Canada grown over 10 million hectares with a total production of 27.5 to 29.2 million tonnes during the last three years (Anonymous 2016). Globally Canada is the sixth major producer and third major exporter (20 million tons worth $6.5 billion) of wheat during 2013. Wheat is a major contributor to Canadian agricultural economy and food production. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the major diseases of wheat and other cereals. In Western Canada over the last decade, FHB has been gradually progressing from east to west. In Saskatchewan, Fusarium spp. infected grains harvested during 2014 were two times or more than those in 2013. Fusarium infection not only disrupts seed development and lowers yield but also makes the grain unfit for human consumption by contaminating grains with fungal toxins. The devastating effects of FHB persists through every stage of the wheat value chain from production, trade, food, feed, processing, domestic and international trade. Therefore, increasing FHB progression over the years in Canada is a matter of great concern to grain producers, scientists and government. Improving crop management practices, and strengthening host resistance, are the two major strategies to control wheat FHB infection. The proposed project focuses on developing FHB resistant wheat germplasm to combat FHB infection. A novel laboratory based method has been developed to create genetic variation and screen wheat genotypes for FHB resistance. The method has been used to identify FHB resistant wheat lines and characterize genes conferring the FHB resistance. DNA markers have been developed for FHB resistant genes in wheat. The FHB resistant lines will be crossed with elite Canadian wheat cultivars to develop FHB resistant wheat cultivars adapted to Canadian conditions. DNA markers will be used in a marker assisted selection approach to develop FHB cultivars in an accelerated time schedule. Successful completion of this project will result in FHB wheat cultivars that can combat FHB infection in an environmentally friendly manner.

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是加拿大的主要农作物，在过去三年中总产量超过1000万公顷，总产量为27.5至2920万吨（匿名2016年）。全球加拿大是2013年的第六大生产商和第三大出口商（价值65亿吨）。小麦是加拿大农业经济和粮食生产的主要贡献者。镰刀菌疫病（FHB）是小麦和其他谷物的主要疾病之一。在过去十年中，在加拿大西部，FHB逐渐从东到西。在萨斯喀彻温省，fusarium spp。 2014年收获的感染谷物是2013年的两次或两次。镰刀菌感染不仅会破坏种子的发育和降低产量，而且使谷物不适合通过用真菌毒素污染谷物而不适合人类食用。在生产，贸易，食品，饲料，加工，国内和国际贸易的每个阶段，FHB的毁灭性影响持续存在。 因此，多年来，加拿大FHB的进展增加是谷物生产者，科学家和政府的极大关注的问题。改善农作物管理实践和增强宿主抵抗是控制小麦FHB感染的两种主要策略。 拟议的项目着重于开发耐FHB的小麦种质来对抗FHB感染。 已经开发了一种基于实验室的新方法来创建用于FHB抗性的遗传变异和筛查小麦基因型。 该方法已用于识别耐FHB的小麦线，并表征赋予FHB抗性的基因。 DNA标记已经为小麦的FHB耐药基因开发了。 FHB耐药线将与加拿大精英小麦品种交叉，以形成适合加拿大条件的耐FHB小麦品种。 DNA标记将用于标记辅助选择方法，以加速时间表开发FHB品种。 该项目的成功完成将导致FHB小麦品种可以以环保的方式打击FHB感染。