Characterizing genotype, environment and their interaction on the grain composition and nutritional attributes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

表征基因型、环境及其相互作用对藜麦 (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) 谷物成分和营养属性的影响

• 批准号: 543412-2019
• 负责人: Chibbar, Ravindra
• 金额: $ 4.81万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=720706
• 关键词: Characterizing; genotype; environment; their; interaction

Quinoa is a pseudocereal (grain like) native to South America, where it formed an important component in the diet of Incan civilization. In the last two decades, Quinoa has gained considerable interest worldwide due to its ability to productively grow under less favorable conditions and the nutritional composition of Quinoa grain that is superior to most of the cereal grains. Quinoa is generally consumed in a manner similar to rice but Quinoa has higher grain protein concentration that is similar to wheat. Quinoa proteins are rich in essential amino acids such as lysine that is deficient in all cereal grains. Quinoa protein has been compared to casein or milk proteins. Quinoa grain also shows a wide diversity in starch composition and structure that influences its digestibility and subsequently the availability of glucose to human body and glycemic index. Northern Quinoa Production Corporation (NQPC, NorQuin) is a specialty grain and food processing company headquartered in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, that is focused to develop new Quinoa cultivars with grain composition that is beneficial for human health and provide food and nutrition security. The proposed research will study genotype x environment interaction in relation to quinoa grain composition to develop new Quinoa varieties for western Canada. Another objective is to characterize Qunioa saponins that give bitter taste to the grain, so that the component can be reduced in the new varieties. Genotyping by sequencing will be used to develop DNA markers to accelerate new Qunioa cultivar development with added health benefits. Successful completion of this project will provide a new grain to be included in the diet for Canadian and international consumers. Diet diversity is a key to achieve nutritional security as Quinoa is rich in several micronutrients that will be added to the human diet. Grains with less digestible starch will be very useful to prevent and manage obesity and associated chronic diseases. For agricultural producers, new Quinoa varieties will add to crop diversification as Quinoa can be cultivated in less favorable conditions. NQPC is a vertically integrated company working from field to fork capable to utilize the results of this research for the benefit of Canadian producers and consumers. Successful completion of this research project will contribute to global nutritional security, develop a climate resilient crop for the new agricultural paradigm reshaping agriculture for health and nutrition.

藜麦是一种原产于南美洲的伪谷物，是印加文明饮食的重要组成部分。在过去的二十年里，藜麦在世界范围内引起了极大的兴趣，因为它能够在较不利的条件下多产地生长，而且藜麦谷物的营养成分优于大多数谷物。藜麦的食用方式与大米相似，但藜麦的谷物蛋白质浓度与小麦相似。藜麦蛋白质富含必需氨基酸，如赖氨酸，这是所有谷物所缺乏的。藜麦蛋白与酪蛋白或牛奶蛋白相比。藜麦籽粒在淀粉组成和结构上也表现出广泛的多样性，这影响了其消化率，进而影响了人体对葡萄糖的可利用性和血糖指数。北方藜麦生产公司（NQPC, NorQuin）是一家专业谷物和食品加工公司，总部位于萨斯喀彻温省萨斯卡通，专注于开发新的藜麦品种，其谷物成分有益于人类健康，并提供食品和营养安全。该研究将研究基因型与环境相互作用与藜麦籽粒组成的关系，以开发加拿大西部藜麦新品种。另一个目标是表征给谷物带来苦味的苦藜皂素，以便在新品种中减少这种成分。测序的基因分型将用于开发DNA标记，以加速具有额外健康益处的秋葵新品种的开发。这个项目的成功完成将为加拿大和国际消费者提供一种新的谷物。饮食多样性是实现营养安全的关键，因为藜麦富含几种微量营养素，可以添加到人类饮食中。含有较少可消化淀粉的谷物对预防和控制肥胖及相关慢性疾病非常有用。对于农业生产者来说，新的藜麦品种将增加作物多样化，因为藜麦可以在较不利的条件下种植。NQPC是一家垂直整合的公司，从油田到叉子，能够利用这项研究的结果为加拿大生产商和消费者带来好处。这一研究项目的成功完成将有助于全球营养安全，为重塑健康和营养农业的新农业模式开发适应气候变化的作物。