Reducing beef winter-feeding costs through swathgrazing of strategically-constructed forage mixtures.

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The winter season in Alberta could be lengthy (up to 200 days), indicating that feeding activities during this period account for the majority of the production costs in Alberta's cow-calf sector. The increased cost of overwintering the herd in a drylot system could undercut the competitiveness of the beef industry, as grazing (being the most economical feeding option) is limited during this period. Production costs are higher because drylot options require feed delivery, manure hauling, and maintenance of pens. Identifying strategies that will reduce winter-feeding costs will increase the sustainability of the sector. Extending grazing through swathgrazing forage monocultures alone may not meet the nutrient needs of cattle. Producers usually employ supplementation programs to maintain the body condition of animals, as well as meet the production and reproduction needs of the animals. Forage mixtures or cocktails are growing in popularity as grazing options but few studies have detailed their potentials in promoting beef production. The increasing popularity among beef producers is due to a perceived improvement in forage yield, animal performance, and soil health but there is limited scientific data. Most commercial blends are constructed without targeting animal performance. We are not aware of any study targeting animal nutritional requirements prior to constructing the blend. In partnership with Union Forage, this project will construct a forage blend to meet the nutrient needs and targeted growth for growing cattle. This project is not targeting any particular commercial blend but will evaluate the strategy of developing the blend to meet the nutritional needs of young calves (average of 275kg). The forage blend will constitute up to six forage species, including a cereal (oats), brassicas, and legumes. The blend will be compared to oats monoculture for forage yield, quality, and animal performance. Seeding will occur in May/June, swathing in September, then followed by an 80 to 100 days of grazing starting in November. The economics of the strategy will also be evaluated on its potential to reduce production and market risks while improving the overall profitability of the beef production system.