Transcriptomic responses of in ovo delivered bioactive substances in heat-stressed broiler chickens

热应激肉鸡卵内传递生物活性物质的转录组反应

• 批准号: 571288-2021
• 负责人: Adewole, Deborah
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=729133
• 关键词: Transcriptomic; responses; ovo; delivered; bioactive

Poultry constitutes one of the most consumed animal proteins globally; thus, the poultry industry currently sustains the food security of billions of people. Despite the importance of the poultry industry, the welfare and performance of poultry birds are being impaired by environmental and regulatory factors regarding the use of antibiotics. Heat stress (HS) has explicitly been regarded as "the main environmental factor" negatively impacting the poultry sector. HS occurs when the heat generated in the body surpasses its dissipation ability and the animal becomes incapable of getting rid of excess heat. Poultry lacks sweat glands and has an increased metabolic rate due to selection for rapid growth; hence they are more vulnerable to HS, which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The economic impact of HS on the poultry industry is up to $165 million in annual losses. Several bioactive substances have been reported to have HS mitigative and antibiotic replacement properties. However, the conventional routes of bioactive substance delivery, i.e., via the feed or water, limit their efficacy. Delivering these substances via the in ovo route might help overcome the limitations of the conventional delivery routes and enhance their HS mitigating and antibiotic replacement capacities. Therefore, this study intends to utilize molecular biological techniques to evaluate broiler chickens' response to a mimicked summer heatwave. The HS mitigating potential of in ovo delivered bioactive substances (probiotics, folic acid, and essential oil) will also be determined. Outcomes from this study could help solve two critical challenges facing the global poultry industry, finding an effective alternative to antibiotics and HS mitigation. This research will ensure optimal gut health development in broiler chickens, hence dismissing the need for antibiotic use. In collaboration with a Professor of Avian Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, at the Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, USA, we will determine the immune and intestinal barrier-related gene expression, using genomic and transcriptomic tools. A Ph.D. student will be trained by both participating researchers.

家禽是全球消费最多的动物蛋白之一；因此，家禽业目前维持着数十亿人的粮食安全。尽管家禽业很重要，但与使用抗生素有关的环境和监管因素正在损害家禽的福利和性能。热应激（HS）已被明确视为对家禽业产生负面影响的“主要环境因素”。当体内产生的热量超过其散热能力，动物无法排出多余的热量时，就会发生HS。家禽缺乏汗腺，由于选择快速生长，代谢率增加；因此，他们更容易受到HS的影响，这给家禽业造成了重大的经济损失。HS对家禽业的经济影响每年损失高达1.65亿美元。据报道，一些生物活性物质具有减缓HS和替代抗生素的特性。然而，传统的生物活性物质传递途径，即通过饲料或水，限制了它们的功效。通过卵内输送这些物质可能有助于克服传统输送途径的局限性，并增强其缓解HS和替代抗生素的能力。因此，本研究拟利用分子生物学技术评价肉鸡对模拟夏季热浪的反应。还将确定鸡蛋中递送的生物活性物质（益生菌、叶酸和精油）减轻HS的潜力。这项研究的结果可能有助于解决全球家禽业面临的两个关键挑战，即找到抗生素的有效替代品和缓解HS。这项研究将确保肉鸡肠道健康的最佳发育，因此无需使用抗生素。我们将与美国阿肯色大学家禽科学卓越中心的禽类内分泌学和分子遗传学教授合作，利用基因组和转录组学工具确定免疫和肠道屏障相关基因的表达。一名博士生将由两位参与研究人员共同培训。