Tectonic inheritance, orogenesis, and seismicity

造山带形成于构造板块的交汇处，并最终形成于板块的碰撞部位。喜马拉雅山是当今地球上最年轻的山脉之一，当然也是最大的山脉。了解这一超级暴露的山区带是至关重要的许多老的和更差的岩石记录暴露系统的解释。它是整个地质时代构造思想的标志性模板。该项目将研究预先存在的地壳断层（这里称为继承性基底断层），造山过程和地震之间的相互作用。为了充分了解造山过程，包括活跃山脉前沿内外的地震，必须在造山之前明确限制碰撞板块的几何形状。喜马拉雅体系是本建议中选择的，因为它无与伦比的保存和最近的演变，从而限制了构造叠加，并使喜马拉雅和前喜马拉雅变形之间的区别。预计这一计划将提供关键环节，以了解老山区带，如格伦维尔，阿巴拉契亚山脉，加拿大科迪勒拉的演变基底断层。这种深部构造被解释为控制地震破裂，影响横向沉积厚度变化和褶皱冲断带的几何形状，并定位矿产资源和控制油气通过前陆沉积盆地的迁移。在喜马拉雅系统的情况下，这种隐藏的地质灾害控制可能会对地球上人口最稠密的地区之一产生巨大的影响。我假设，印度板块内的主要东北走向的岩石圈规模的断层继续在喜马拉雅山脉之下，并有助于表达沿沿着山脉带的长度的变化。我进一步假设，这些深层次的结构反复重新激活。继承性断层的再活化历史可以记录在沿走向的变化中的压力-温度演化的变质核的喜马拉雅山，作为横向斜坡和/或沿走向的沉积物厚度变化的前陆褶皱冲断带，并在现今的印度板内和喜马拉雅地震活动的分区。这些潜在的相互作用将通过几个HQP主导的主题进行探索，其中包括：调查与远离喜马拉雅前线的基底断层再活化有关的板内活动构造;利用地震数据重建前陆褶皱-冲断带;实地和实验室调查，以评估沿走向的应变变化、变质峰值条件和喜马拉雅变质核的折返;数值应力模型连接当今的地震活动，应力轨迹，和基底断层;和动态规模的离心模拟模型的变形。

Mountain belts are constructed at the convergence and ultimately at the collision site of tectonic plates. The Himalaya is one of the youngest and certainly the largest mountain belt system on the planet today. Understanding this superbly exposed mountain belt is critical for the interpretation of many older and more poorly exposed systems in the rock record. It is an iconic template for tectonic thought for all of geologic time. This program will study the interplay between pre-existing crustal faults (termed here inherited basement faults), mountain building processes, and earthquakes. To fully understand mountain-building processes, including earthquakes in and away from the active mountain front, it is imperative to clearly constrain the geometry of the colliding plates prior to mountain building. The Himalayan system is chosen in this proposal because of its unrivaled preservation and recent evolution, which consequently limits tectonic overprinting and enables the distinction between Himalayan and pre-Himalayan deformation. It is anticipated that this program will provide key links to understand basement faults in the evolution of older mountain belts, such as the Grenville, the Appalachians, and the Canadian Cordillera. Such deep-seated structures are interpreted to control earthquake ruptures, influence lateral sedimentary thickness variations and fold-thrust belt geometry, and to localize ore resources and control hydrocarbon migration through foreland sedimentary basins. In the case of the Himalayan system, such hidden geohazard controls can have tremendous repercussions for one of the most densely populated regions on Earth. I postulate that major northeast-trending lithospheric-scale faults within the Indian plate continue beneath the Himalayan mountains and contribute to a multitude of changes expressed along the length of the mountain belt. I further hypothesize that these deep-seated structures have repeatedly reactivated. The reactivation history of the inherited faults may be recorded in along-strike changes in the pressure-temperature evolution of the metamorphic core of the Himalaya, as lateral ramps and/or along-strike sediment thickness variations in the foreland fold-thrust belt, and in the present-day partitioning of Indian intraplate and Himalayan seismicity. These potential interactions will be explored through several HQP-led themes that involve: investigation of intraplate active tectonics related to basement fault reactivation away from the Himalayan front; reconstruction of the foreland fold-thrust belt using seismic data; field and lab investigations to assess along-strike variation in strain, metamorphic peak conditions, and exhumation of the Himalayan metamorphic core; numerical stress modelling linking present-day seismicity, stress trajectories, and basement faults; and dynamically-scaled centrifuge analogue modelling of deformation.