Innovative methods of design for the next generation of wood-based tall buildings

世界上许多国家的当局正在实施关于基础设施节能和可持续性的严格指导方针，以及土地使用限制，以应对城市地区的快速密集。目前，建筑商和设计师面临的挑战是为新建筑寻找可修改的解决方案，使其能够快速简单地施工，并减少排放的二氧化碳和降低建筑生命周期内的能源消耗。随着新产品、连接和设计方法的推出，木结构的最新进展也使得非常有效的抗震结构成为中高层建筑选择的碳中性结构材料。为了给工程师提供更多的选择，以满足火灾、地震情况下基于性能的规范的严格要求，或者对声学和振动适用性的严格要求，通常使用混合结构解决方案，其中木材与混凝土和钢相结合，如2017年完工的温哥华18层的BRock Commons Tall Wood Building。为了开发混合快速组装结构，这项研究计划旨在将木材和钢材结合起来，为下一代木质高层建筑形成具有成本效益的创新建筑方法。特别是，研究工作将致力于寻找能够大规模生产的新型木钢建筑构件。将确定钢材和木板的形状、尺寸和布置，以满足系统和结构层面的性能目标、现场和使用数控机床和机器人的制造过程中的组装要求，并便于它们在集装箱中运输和储存。最先进的计算设计软件和工具将被用来帮助管理这个多物理的大规模问题。设计优化程序将提供易于现场安装的高度预制的模块化组件，充分利用木材和钢铁之间的复合作用，并通过减少原材料使用量和废物产生来促进可持续发展目标。部件和建筑的数值模拟都将使用有限元模型进行，有限元模型使用研究计划期间进行的实验测试的数据进行校准。这项研究对加拿大制定城市地区绿色建筑解决方案具有战略意义。预计这些发现将在科学和技术上为当前和未来的建筑部门做出重大贡献，使人们能够在当代研究课题上进行培训，这些课题将具有很强的实际应用价值。知识转移将有助于建筑业的制造商和公司在相关市场上具有竞争力。

Authorities in many countries around the world are imposing strict guidelines regarding infrastructure energy saving and sustainability, as well as land-use restrictions to cope with the rapid densification of urban areas. Currently, builders and designers are facing challenges in finding modifiable solutions for new buildings that allow their quick and simple construction, as well as reducing the emitted carbon dioxide and lowering the energy consumed during the building's lifetime. Recent progress in wood construction, with the introduction of new products, connections and design approaches, which also allow for very efficient seismic-resistant structures, has driven wood to be the carbon-neutral structural material of choice for mid- and high-rise buildings. To provide engineers with greater options to satisfy strict requirements of performance-based codes in case of fire, earthquakes or for acoustic and vibration serviceability, hybrid structural solutions, in which wood is combined with concrete and steel, are commonly used, as in the 18-story Brock Commons Tall Wood Building in Vancouver, completed in 2017. With the desire to develop hybrid quick-assembly structures, this research program aims to combine wood with steel in forming cost-effective innovative methods of construction for the next generation of wood-based tall buildings. In particular, research efforts will be devoted towards finding novel wood-steel building components that enable their large-scale production. Shapes, dimensions, and arrangement of the steel elements and wood panels will be defined to meet performance-objective at the system and structural level, assembly requirements on-site and during the manufacturing process utilizing CNC machines and robots, as well as to facilitate their transportation and storage in containers. The state-of-the-art computational design software and tools will be used to assist in managing this multi-physic large-scale problem. The design optimization procedure will deliver highly prefabricated modular components that are easy to install on-site, make the most of composite action between wood and steel, and foster the sustainability goal by reducing raw materials used and waste production. Both the numerical simulation of the components and building will be executed using finite-element models calibrated using data from experimental tests performed during the research program. This research is of strategic importance for Canada to develop green building solutions to urban areas. The findings are expected to significantly contribute both scientifically and technically to the current and future building sector, allowing for training in contemporary research topics that will have strong practical applications. The knowledge transfer will help manufacturers and companies working in the construction industry to be competitive in the related market.