Understanding healthy ageing heart flow patterns, hemodynamics and energetics using experimental models and age/sex-based three-dimensional blood flow velocity nomograms

在人类历史上，心脏一直是一个智力挑战。自从列奥纳多描述了跨瓣涡流的形成和他关于具有涡流运动的血管壁层的有趣概念以来，图像技术的进步可以帮助我们更好地理解正常心脏的血流动力学。近年来，越来越多的证据支持男性和女性之间的差异老化心脏已经曝光。尤其是女性的心脏血流动力学，需要更好地了解。在过去的三年里，我为4D Flow MRI的专用程序奠定了基础。后者提供了整个心动周期的整个心脏空间覆盖范围，允许对血流血液动力学进行全面评估。在我的博士后研究期间，我开发了使用4D流动MRI评估年龄和性别血流动力学差异的技术和方法。后者促成了该方案的目标。所提出的计划承担的挑战是，使用基于年龄/性别的列线图来建立基于年龄/性别的实验模型（目标1），扩大我们对健康老龄人类心脏的理解，后者将用于评估血液动力学性能的动态范围（目标2），并通过评估（目标3）三维血流模式，血液动力学，能量生物标志物和涡旋形成将发展用于表征由于老化和生物性别差异而引起的复杂血液动力学变化的策略。 该计划的拟议目标将提供一个新的和独特的机会，以调查健康老龄化心脏的血流动力学变化。后者为心脏建模建立了一个新的范例。这一创新计划将为培养高素质人才和未来的学术领袖提供一个特殊的环境，专注于图像引导建模和心血管血液动力学。这种环境将通过我们的多学科科学团队与我们建立的加拿大和国际行业合作伙伴之间的密切互动来促进。

The heart has presented an intellectual challenge throughout mankind history. Since Leonardo's description of trans-valvular vortex formation and his interesting notion of vessel wall layer with eddying motion, the advances in image technology can help us to better understand normal heart hemodynamics. In recent years more evidence supporting the differences between men and women aging heart has come into light. Women's heart hemodynamics, particularly, need to be better understood. In the last three years, I seeded the infrastructure for a dedicated program in 4D flow MRI. The latter provides a whole heart spatial coverage throughout the cardiac cycle allowing for a comprehensive assessment of blood flow hemodynamics. During my postdoctoral fellowships, I developed techniques and methods to assess age and sex hemodynamic differences using 4D flow MRI. The latter motivates the aims of this program. The proposed program undertakes the challenge of expanding our understanding of the healthy ageing human heart using age/sex-based nomograms to build age/sex-based experimental models (Aim 1), the latter will serve to assess the dynamic range of hemodynamic performance (Aim 2), and by assessing (Aim 3) three-dimensional blood flow patterns, hemodynamics, energetic biomarkers and vortex formation will develop strategies for characterizing complex hemodynamics changes due to ageing and biological sex differences. The proposed aims of this program will provide a novel and unique opportunity to investigate the hemodynamic alterations of the healthy aging heart. The latter establishes a novel paradigm for heart modelling. This innovative program will provide an exceptional environment for the training of highly qualified personnel and future academic leaders focused on image-guided modelling and cardiovascular hemodynamics. This environment will be fostered by close interaction between our multidisciplinary scientific team and our established Canadian and international industry partners.