To everything a season: bioenergetics in seasonal environments

季节的一切：季节性环境中的生物能学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06705
• 负责人: Humphries, Murray
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741373
• 关键词: everything; season; bioenergetics; seasonal; environments

Seasonality is an annual cycle comprised of wave-like variation in photoperiod - short then long then short again - and temperature - cold then warm then cold again. Seasons are fundamentally important to plants, animals, and people because light, snow, resources, and temperature have fundamental impacts on organismal function and interactions. But research tends to be conducted across only a fraction of the annual cycle and most ecological and evolutionary theory has ignored seasons and seasonality. We use a combination of laboratory, field, and modeling approaches to identify the ecological and evolutionary consequences of animal energetics (the process by which animals acquire and assimilate energy from the environment, and allocate assimilated energy between maintenance, growth, and reproduction). Our research is uniquely able to obtain integrated measures of the energy availability, acquisition, and expenditure of free--ranging wildlife and to embed these bioenergetic measures into a well-resolved life history and ecological context. The long-term objective of my Discovery Grant research program is to understand how bioenergetics filters environmental variation into the distribution, abundance and coexistence of wildlife populations within natural landscapes. Over the next five years, we will focus on seasonality and testing the hypothesis that, if wildlife populations are characterized by differential responses to environmental variation, changes in the duration and intensity of seasonal phases will alter the seasonal responses, interaction strengths, periods of advantage, and the persistence of wildlife populations. Field research will focus on four distinct predator--prey systems (lynx-coyote-hare-red squirrel in southwest Yukon, ungulates-large predators in North Yukon, meso-carnivores and their prey in Adirondacks, the social-ecology of local Indigenous food systems in Northern Quebec), all situated in boreal and/or subarctic environments, and all involving simultaneous monitoring of multiple predators and their alternative prey. In each system, and across all four systems, we will evaluate support for the differential seasonal response hypothesis as well as advance system-specific knowledge and the application of new knowledge to conservation action. Studying multiple systems in a similar manner allows generality to be assessed, specificities to be identified, and impact shared. This proposed research advances knowledge related to the physiology, behaviour, ecology, evolution, and natural history of northern wildlife and people, and how these inter-related aspects of biology combine with seasonality to determine the susceptibility of northern systems to environmental change.

季节性是一个年周期，包括光周期的波浪式变化-短，然后长，然后再短-和温度-冷，然后温暖，然后再冷。季节对植物、动物和人类至关重要，因为光、雪、资源和温度对生物体的功能和相互作用有着根本性的影响。但是，研究往往只在一年周期的一小部分进行，大多数生态和进化理论都忽略了季节和季节性。我们使用实验室，现场和建模方法相结合，以确定动物能量学的生态和进化后果（动物从环境中获取和同化能量的过程，并在维持，生长和繁殖之间分配同化的能量）。我们的研究是唯一能够获得综合措施的能源供应，收购和支出的自由放养的野生动物，并嵌入这些生物能源措施到一个很好的解决生活史和生态环境。我的发现补助金研究计划的长期目标是了解生物能量学如何过滤环境变化到自然景观中野生动物种群的分布，丰度和共存。在接下来的五年里，我们将专注于季节性和测试的假设，如果野生动物种群的特点是对环境变化的不同反应，在季节性阶段的持续时间和强度的变化将改变季节性反应，相互作用的强度，优势期，和野生动物种群的持久性。实地研究将侧重于四种不同的捕食者-被捕食者系统（育空地区西南部的山猫-郊狼-野兔-红松鼠，北育空地区的有蹄类-大型捕食者，阿迪朗达克的中型食肉动物及其猎物，北方魁北克的当地土著食物系统的社会生态学），所有这些系统都位于北方和/或亚北极环境，所有系统都涉及同时监测多种捕食者及其替代猎物。在每个系统中，以及在所有四个系统中，我们将评估对差异季节性反应假设的支持，以及先进的系统特定知识和新知识在保护行动中的应用。以类似的方式研究多个系统可以评估一般性，识别特殊性，并共享影响。这项拟议的研究进展的生理学，行为，生态学，进化和自然历史的北方野生动物和人，以及如何这些相互关联的生物学方面联合收割机季节性，以确定北方系统的敏感性，环境变化的知识。