The surface composition and properties of the Earth, the Moon, Mars and asteroids

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The main goal of my research program is to study the electromagnetic radiation reflected by the surface of the Earth, the Moon, Mars and asteroids to address high priority questions regarding the geological composition, the resource potential, the distribution of volatiles and the surface modification processes occurring on these bodies. What is the mineralogical composition and the distribution of water ice in the lunar polar regions? To date, little is known about the mineralogical composition of the lunar polar regions. This information is important as it will allow to target the most scientifically promising landing sites for future human exploration missions to the Moon. Through my research program, I will derive the first polar mineral maps of the Moon using lidar and hyperspectral data. What is the composition of arrested hydrothermal systems on Mars? Arrested hydrothermal systems on Mars contain specific minerals that can act as paleoenvironmental indicators of the aqueous conditions that existed on the planet and on the potential presence of life. Over the course of my research program, I will use high spatial resolution hyperspectral data to map and study the composition of regions where key minerals associated with hydrothermal systems have been identified. What are the surface properties of Near-Earth asteroids? Little is known about the surface characteristics of asteroids, which could reveal information about the processes that shaped (and are still shaping) them, and in turn provide insights into the dynamical evolution of our Solar System. I will use high spatial resolution topographic measurements acquired by spacecraft in orbit around small and primitive Near-Earth asteroids to better understand their surface properties. What is the composition of Canadian Arctic gossans and their environmental impact? Gossans are geological formations that result from sulphid oxidation by fluids. Gossans in the Canadian Arctic are similar to arrested hydrothermal systems on Mars. I will study the composition and environment associated with these gossans using remote sensing and in situ observations to compare them with similar formations on Mars. Arctic gossans also constitute analogues of how mine waste will behave in a permafrost environment. I will thus study the composition of gossans and their effect on local soil and streams to better understand the stakes of mining in the Arctic. Addressing these questions will increase the fundamental and applied knowledge in terms of planetary geology, geophysics and prospecting, which will be useful for future planetary exploration missions, to promote the sustainable development of our mineral resources on Earth and to mitigate the risks associated with mining in the Arctic. The knowledge gained will benefit all Canadians, including the northern communities, and will help in positioning Canada as a leader in terms of space exploration.