The surface composition and properties of the Earth, the Moon, Mars and asteroids

地球、月球、火星和小行星的表面成分和特性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-07051
• 负责人: Lemelin, Myriam
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=755081
• 关键词: surface; composition; properties; Earth; Moon

The main goal of my research program is to study the electromagnetic radiation reflected by the surface of the Earth, the Moon, Mars and asteroids to address high priority questions regarding the geological composition, the resource potential, the distribution of volatiles and the surface modification processes occurring on these bodies. What is the mineralogical composition and the distribution of water ice in the lunar polar regions? To date, little is known about the mineralogical composition of the lunar polar regions. This information is important as it will allow to target the most scientifically promising landing sites for future human exploration missions to the Moon. Through my research program, I will derive the first polar mineral maps of the Moon using lidar and hyperspectral data. What is the composition of arrested hydrothermal systems on Mars? Arrested hydrothermal systems on Mars contain specific minerals that can act as paleoenvironmental indicators of the aqueous conditions that existed on the planet and on the potential presence of life. Over the course of my research program, I will use high spatial resolution hyperspectral data to map and study the composition of regions where key minerals associated with hydrothermal systems have been identified. What are the surface properties of Near-Earth asteroids? Little is known about the surface characteristics of asteroids, which could reveal information about the processes that shaped (and are still shaping) them, and in turn provide insights into the dynamical evolution of our Solar System. I will use high spatial resolution topographic measurements acquired by spacecraft in orbit around small and primitive Near-Earth asteroids to better understand their surface properties. What is the composition of Canadian Arctic gossans and their environmental impact? Gossans are geological formations that result from sulphid oxidation by fluids. Gossans in the Canadian Arctic are similar to arrested hydrothermal systems on Mars. I will study the composition and environment associated with these gossans using remote sensing and in situ observations to compare them with similar formations on Mars. Arctic gossans also constitute analogues of how mine waste will behave in a permafrost environment. I will thus study the composition of gossans and their effect on local soil and streams to better understand the stakes of mining in the Arctic. Addressing these questions will increase the fundamental and applied knowledge in terms of planetary geology, geophysics and prospecting, which will be useful for future planetary exploration missions, to promote the sustainable development of our mineral resources on Earth and to mitigate the risks associated with mining in the Arctic. The knowledge gained will benefit all Canadians, including the northern communities, and will help in positioning Canada as a leader in terms of space exploration.

我的研究计划的主要目标是研究地球、月球、火星和小行星表面反射的电磁辐射，以解决与这些天体上发生的地质成分、资源潜力、挥发分分布和表面修饰过程有关的优先问题。月球极地地区水冰的矿物组成和分布是什么？到目前为止，人们对月球极地的矿物学成分知之甚少。这一信息很重要，因为它将允许为未来的人类月球探索任务瞄准最具科学前景的着陆点。通过我的研究计划，我将使用激光雷达和高光谱数据绘制出第一张月球极地矿物地图。火星上滞留的热液系统的组成是什么？火星上滞留的热液系统含有特定的矿物，可以作为火星上存在的水条件和潜在生命存在的古环境指示器。在我的研究计划过程中，我将使用高空间分辨率的高光谱数据来绘制和研究与热液系统相关的关键矿物已被识别的区域的组成。近地小行星的表面特性是什么？人们对小行星的表面特征知之甚少，这可能会揭示形成它们的过程的信息，并反过来为我们的太阳系的动力学演化提供洞察力。我将使用航天器围绕小型原始近地小行星轨道所获得的高空间分辨率地形测量，以更好地了解它们的表面特性。加拿大北极黑雁的成分是什么？它们对环境有何影响？戈桑山是由流体氧化硫化物形成的地质构造。加拿大北极的戈桑岛类似于火星上滞留的热液系统。我将使用遥感和现场观测来研究与这些巨雁相关的组成和环境，以将它们与火星上的类似构造进行比较。北极细纱也构成了我的废物在永久冻土环境中的行为类似物。因此，我将研究珊瑚的组成及其对当地土壤和溪流的影响，以更好地了解北极采矿的利害关系。解决这些问题将增加行星地质学、地球物理学和探矿方面的基础和应用知识，这将有助于今后的行星探索任务，促进地球上矿物资源的可持续发展，并减轻北极采矿的相关风险。所获得的知识将使包括北部社区在内的所有加拿大人受益，并将有助于将加拿大定位为空间探索方面的领导者。