Investigating the magnitudes and molecular bases of genetic improvement in cereals

研究谷物遗传改良的程度和分子基础

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03390
• 负责人: Lukens, Lewis
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=742521
• 关键词: Investigating; magnitudes; molecular; bases; genetic

To meet human demands, grain production must increase, yet for the important crops barley, oat, and wheat in eastern Canada, we do not know the rate of past grain production increases, nor the proportion of these increases that were due to genetics or environmental factors such as climate change. We also do not know the alleles that were selected to improve plant performance nor the biological processes the selected alleles affect. This work based on analyses of historical and current variety trial data will reveal long term trends of environmental and genetic effects on plant yields; how selection for plant performance has altered allelic variation; how selected alleles contribute to trait variation; and how selection has targeted gene regulation. The work offers key strategies for improving the barley and wheat varieties grown on over 1.3 million acres in Ontario and Quebec alone. Centralized pedigree information and historical crop data also offers critical data resources for future studies. Positive selection is a major force driving biological variation in natural and man-made environments. The work will address theories as to how positive selection for favored traits acts upon genetic variation.

为了满足人类的需求，粮食产量必须增加，但对于加拿大东部的重要作物大麦，燕麦和小麦，我们不知道过去粮食产量增加的速度，也不知道这些增加的比例是由于遗传或环境因素，如气候变化。我们也不知道被选择来改善植物性能的等位基因，也不知道被选择的等位基因影响的生物过程。这项工作基于对历史和当前品种试验数据的分析，将揭示环境和遗传对植物产量的影响的长期趋势;植物性能的选择如何改变等位基因变异;选择的等位基因如何促进性状变异;以及选择如何靶向基因调控。这项工作为改进仅在安大略和魁北克就种植了130多万英亩的大麦和小麦品种提供了关键策略。集中的系谱信息和历史作物数据也为未来的研究提供了关键的数据资源。正选择是自然和人为环境中驱动生物变异的主要力量。这项工作将解决理论如何积极选择的青睐性状作用于遗传变异。