Biological microfluidics

在许多生物和人工微环境中，分子马达驱动的微生物运动是一个重要的、普遍存在的过程，在许多应用中都是如此。微流体可以用于模拟微观栖息地，从而允许对微生物运动的密切观察，否则在自然环境中是困难或不可能的。该项目的长期目标是在微观尺度上建立生物运动图谱。该项目将在三个研究方向上进行。首先，该计划将研究模拟微环境中微生物类的生物运动，包括个体运动，如细菌，或集体运动，如真菌，以及各种趋向性机制的影响。其次，该项目将建立微流体中微生物运动的预测模型，用于特定物种的芯片实验室设备设计，并“逆向工程”成有效的计算机优化算法。第三，该计划将展示利用微流体中微生物运动的信息处理设备，用于生物计算，即具有数值输入和输出的设备，以及生物模拟，即具有微生物执行非数值操作的设备。两个主要知识基础的协同共享，即微生物和微流体，通过所有目标，使该计划可以实现，尽管它的范围很广。重要的是，该计划的广泛范围将使训练有素的HQP接触到大量的学科和专业方法以及许多不同的应用领域。对加拿大的好处是全面和具体的。模拟微环境中生物运动的研究与医学、农业和环境应用相关，例如人、动物和植物中的细菌和真菌发病机制，败血症期间血管中的细菌运动，土壤微环境。生物算法的研究与开发应用于医疗、农业和环境领域的设备有关，例如用于单细胞基因组学的芯片实验室设备、用于环境现场评估中的物种鉴定设备、用于快速识别快速传播的传染病中的细菌或耐抗生素细菌的医院感染设备，或用于缺乏或难以获得适当医疗基础设施的偏远地区的诊断设备。或用于军事或太空人员的健康监测。信息处理设备的研究可以对各种计算机密码算法、加速药物设计、国家交通和城市规划的优化或重大事故灾害的快速响应产生影响。虽然对微生物的研究重点对性别、性别和多样性的考虑范围有限，但拟议计划的大部分影响与这些方面具有重要的相关性。

Molecular motors-driven motility of microorganisms in many biological and artificial micro-environments is an important and ubiquitous process for many applications. Microfluidics can be employed for mimicking microscopic habitats, thus allowing the intimate observation of microorganism motility, which is otherwise difficult or impossible in natural environments. The Long-Term Objective of the program is to build an atlas of biological motility at the microscale. The program will progress on three research directions. First, the program will study the biological motility in mimetic micro-environments for classes of microorganisms, with individual, e.g., bacteria, or with collective movement, e.g., fungi, as well as the impact of various taxis mechanisms. Second, the program will build predictive models of microorganism motility in microfluidics, to be used for species-specific designs of lab-on-a-chip devices, and to `reverse-engineer' into efficient computer optimization algorithms. Third, the program will demonstrate information processing devices using microorganism motility in microfluidics, for biocomputation, i.e., devices with numerical inputs and outputs, and biosimulation, i.e., devices with microorganisms performing non-numerical operations. The synergistic sharing of two main knowledge foundations, i.e., microorganisms, and microfluidics, by all Objectives, makes the program achievable despite its broad scope. Importantly, the broad scope of the program will expose the trained HQP to a vast array of disciplinary and professional approaches and to many various application areas. The benefits for Canada are comprehensive and specific. The study of biological motility in mimetic micro-environments is relevant to medical, agricultural, and environmental applications, e.g., bacterial and fungal pathogenesis in humans, animals, and plants, bacterial movement in blood vessels during sepsis, soil microenvironment. The study of biological algorithms is relevant for the development of devices applied in medical, agricultural, and environmental areas, e.g., lab-on-a-chip devices for single cell genomics, for species identification in environmental field assessments, for rapid identification of bacteria in fast spreading infectious diseases, or hospital infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, or diagnostics in remote areas lacking, or having difficult access to adequate medical infrastructure, or for health monitoring of military or space personnel. The study of information processing devices can have an impact on a wide range of computer algorithms for cryptography, and accelerated drug design, on optimization of national traffic and urban planning, or on fast response in major accidents disasters. While the research focus on microorganisms offers limited scope for sex, gender and diversity considerations, much of the impact of the proposed program has significant relevance for these aspects.