Evaluating the Current and Future Capacity for Natural Climate Solutions in Canada's Oceans

评估加拿大海洋自然气候解决方案当前和未来的能力

• 批准号: 571068-2021
• 负责人: Baum, JuliaJK
• 金额: $ 17.51万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745131
• 关键词: Evaluating; Current; Future; Capacity; Natural

Climate change is rapidly altering the planet, and solutions are urgently required to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and limit further warming. In 2021, Canada committed to more ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions-reductions targets to mitigate climate change. Achieving these new targets will require an accounting of all mitigation options, including Canada's natural ocean carbon sinks. Blue carbon ecosystems (BCE; salt marshes, seagrass meadows, and potentially kelp forests) and marine soft sediment habitats are increasingly recognized as important carbon reservoirs. Yet, despite having the world's longest coastline, Canada has yet to account for ocean carbon sinks in its GHG inventories. Our proposed partnership research with DFO, Parks Canada, BC Parks, Oceans North, The Kelp Rescue Initiative, Nature Trust, BC Parks, and the Ecology Action Centre will produce the critically-needed nationwide assessment of the potential for Canada's oceans to contribute to natural climate solutions (NCS). Together we will: 1) quantify the current and future (projected to 2050) annual mitigation potential of coastal blue carbon ecosystems using species distribution models (SDMs) coupled with carbon sequestration rates. SDMs will incorporate Canada-wide syntheses of all available occurrence records for salt marsh, seagrass, and kelp, and be informed by state-of-the-art dynamically-downscaled ocean hydrography data sets and IPCC climate projections tailor-made for Canada's Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific nearshore coastlines; 2) quantify the marine soft-sediment carbon sinks that could be preserved by limiting Canada's bottom-trawl footprint; 3) evaluate the areas of Canada's coastlines where protection or restoration would provide the greatest NCS benefits. This partnership will significantly advance scientific understanding of the extent to which Canada's ocean carbon sinks can contribute to emissions reductions, and enable inclusion of these sources in our climate mitigation accounting. Our research will also enable evaluation of the climate change benefits of existing protected marine areas, and identify important areas that could be prioritized for future spatial protection.

气候变化正在迅速改变地球，迫切需要解决方案来减少温室气体（GHG）排放并限制进一步变暖。2021年，加拿大承诺实现更雄心勃勃的温室气体减排目标，以减缓气候变化。要实现这些新目标，就需要对所有减缓方案进行核算，包括加拿大的天然海洋碳汇。蓝碳生态系统（BCE）盐沼、海草草甸和潜在的海带森林）和海洋软沉积物生境日益被认为是重要的碳库。然而，尽管加拿大拥有世界上最长的海岸线，但其温室气体清单尚未考虑海洋碳汇。我们提议与DFO，Parks Canada，BC Parks，Oceans North，The Kelp Rescue Initiative，Nature Trust，BC Parks和Ecology Action Centre合作研究，将对加拿大海洋促进自然气候解决方案（NCS）的潜力进行急需的全国性评估。我们将共同：1）利用物种分布模型（SDM）结合碳固存率，量化沿海蓝碳生态系统当前和未来（预计到2050年）的年度减缓潜力。空间数据模型将综合加拿大范围内所有现有的盐沼、海草和海藻出现记录，并参考最先进的动态缩小尺度的海洋水文学数据集和专为加拿大北极、大西洋和太平洋近岸海岸线量身定制的气专委气候预测; 2）量化可通过限制加拿大底拖网足迹来保护的海洋软沉积物碳汇; 3）评估加拿大海岸线的保护或恢复将提供最大的NCS利益的地区。这一伙伴关系将大大促进对加拿大海洋碳汇在多大程度上有助于减少排放的科学认识，并使这些来源能够纳入我们的气候减缓核算。我们的研究还将有助于评估现有海洋保护区的气候变化效益，并确定未来空间保护优先考虑的重要领域。