Exploring how climate change impacts the intersection of immunity and temperature in hypoxia-tolerant pacific fish and sharks

探索气候变化如何影响耐缺氧太平洋鱼类和鲨鱼的免疫力和温度

• 批准号: 580584-2022
• 负责人: Pamenter, MatthewEM
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745417
• 关键词: Exploring; how; climate; change; impacts

Environmental hypoxia (i.e., limited oxygen) is a condition that can be lethal to animals. Many fish are exposed to aquatic hypoxia in the ocean or in intertidal pools. Alarmingly, climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of hypoxic events and the size of hypoxic regions in aquatic environments. In the past few decades, increases in aquatic temperatures exacerbated by global warming correlate with decreasing oxygen content in oceans, and particularly in coastal regions that support marine aquaculture. As a consequence, aquatic hypoxia due to global warming is expected to worsen with the acceleration of the climate crises and poses a significant challenge to coastal marine populations and aquaculture globally.For all animals, a properly functioning immune system is crucial for survival, and key to the ability of fish to resist infection by bacteria and viruses and to heal after injury. Immune responses are impaired by hypoxia and by high temperatures and thus aquatic animals may be immunocompromised by the progression of global warming and increasing incidence of aquatic hypoxia. Despite the environmental challenge posed by aquatic hypoxia, some species have adapted strategies to ensure their survival when oxygen is limited. Of particular interest are sharks that inhabit intertidal pools in tropical regions where they are exposed to periods of severe hypoxia in combination with high water temperatures. These hypoxia-tolerant fishes provide an excellent model to investigate interactions between adaptations that favour hypoxia-tolerance vs. immunity.Our OBJECTIVES are to determine 1) whether hypoxia activates an immune response in hypoxia-tolerant and -intolerant sharks, 2) whether immune system activation compromises adaptive physiological responses to hypoxia in hypoxia-tolerant sharks, and 3) whether hypoxia compromises immune competency. Our collaborators provide access to these key study species and this research would be impossible without them.

环境缺氧（即，有限的氧气）对动物来说是致命的。许多鱼类暴露于海洋或潮间池中的水生缺氧。令人担忧的是，气候变化正在增加缺氧事件的频率和严重程度以及水生环境中缺氧区域的大小。在过去的几十年里，全球变暖加剧了水生温度的上升，这与海洋中氧气含量的下降有关，特别是在支持海洋水产养殖的沿海地区。因此，随着气候危机的加剧，全球变暖导致的水生缺氧将进一步恶化，并对全球沿海海洋种群和水产养殖业构成重大挑战。对于所有动物来说，正常运作的免疫系统对生存至关重要，也是鱼类抵抗细菌和病毒感染以及受伤后愈合能力的关键。免疫反应受到缺氧和高温的损害，因此水生动物可能会因全球变暖的进展和水生缺氧发生率的增加而免疫功能低下。尽管水生缺氧带来了环境挑战，但一些物种已经采取了适应策略，以确保在氧气有限的情况下生存。特别令人感兴趣的是栖息在热带地区潮间池的鲨鱼，在那里它们暴露于严重缺氧和高水温的时期。这些耐缺氧的鱼类提供了一个很好的模型，以调查适应之间的相互作用，有利于缺氧耐受vs. immunity.Our的实验是确定1）是否缺氧激活免疫反应的耐缺氧和不耐缺氧的鲨鱼，2）是否免疫系统激活妥协适应性生理反应，缺氧耐受的鲨鱼，和3）是否缺氧妥协的免疫能力。我们的合作者提供了这些关键研究物种的访问，没有他们，这项研究将是不可能的。