Structural Assessment and Repair of Superelastic-Shape-Memory-Alloy Reinforced-Concrete Framed Structures Following Exposure to Seismic and/or Fire Events

在经历自然和/或人为灾害后，对建造可轻松翻新的弹性结构的需求正在增加。最近的灾害表明，发达国家可能遭受重大的结构破坏和严重的经济损失，这些国家正在执行最先进的规范和标准。鉴于加拿大的气候正在变化，预计会增加自然灾害的频率和程度，因此非常需要研究抗灾结构。我们的结构需要在设计时考虑到意外情况，同时将可修复的损害降到最低。考虑到地震和火灾这两种潜在灾害，本方案提供了实现这一目标的方法。Youssef博士在结构防火工程、地震工程和超弹性形状记忆合金（SMA）棒的应用方面的独特专业知识将用于开展一项原创研究计划，该计划将导致结构在火灾和地震事件中具有弹性。Youssef博士和其他研究人员提出了使用SMA杆来最大限度地减少土木结构的地震破坏。然而，这类结构在火灾中的性能尚未得到研究，这是一个关键的安全问题。短期研究将集中在SMA钢筋混凝土（RC）框架结构上，并解决两种可能的情况：(1)SMA钢筋混凝土结构在火灾事件中受损，这需要工程师评估其安全性，做出疏散的关键决策，并设计一个合适的改造系统，以承受包括地震活动在内的未来载荷；(2)SMA钢筋混凝土结构在地震中受损，然后暴露在常见的爆发火灾中；它们紧随其后，对居住者和应急人员构成高风险。本研究将为研究人员和工程师提供一套完整的实验数据，涵盖材料性能、火灾损伤SMA RC构件改造前后的结构性能以及地震损伤SMA RC节点的火灾回弹性。开发的数值工具将弥合传统规范设计与加拿大最近采用的基于目标的设计和美国基于性能的设计之间的差距，同时确保公共安全。工程师将能够为火灾损坏的SMA RC结构设计改造系统，以确定未来的弹性，并在进行抗震设计时考虑火灾弹性。该计划将为3名博士研究生、2名MESc研究生、5名本科研究生和12名本科勤工俭学学生提供成为未来工程师的独特机会。他们将配备独特的能力，使他们能够通过实验和/或数值调查处理多种危险。他们的知识、能力和技能将使他们在学术界和/或咨询活动中闪耀。

The demand to build resilient structures that can be easily retrofitted after experiencing natural and/or man-made disasters is increasing. Recent disasters have shown that significant structural damage and severe economic losses can be experienced in developed countries, where state-of-the-art codes and standards are being enforced. Given that Canada's climate is changing, which is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of natural disasters, research addressing disaster-resilient structures is highly needed. Our structures need to be designed to expect the unexpected while suffering minimum amount of repairable damage. This proposal provides the means to achieve this goal considering two potential disasters: earthquake and fire events. Dr. Youssef's unique expertise in structural fire engineering, earthquake engineering, and applications of superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars will be utilized to conduct an original research program, which leads to structures resilient to fire and seismic events. Utilization of SMA bars to minimize seismic damage in civil structures has been proposed by Dr. Youssef and other researchers. However, the performance of such structures during fire events was not investigated, which is a critical safety issue. The short-term research will focus on SMA Reinforced Concrete (RC) framed structures and address two potential scenarios: (1) the SMA RC structure has been damaged by a fire event, which requires engineers to assess its safety, make the critical decision about the need for evacuation, and design a suitable retrofitting system that can withstand future loads including seismic activities, (2) the SMA RC structure has been damaged by an earthquake, and, then exposed to the commonly erupting fires, which follow and known to impose high risk to occupants and emergency personnel. The proposed research will provide researchers and engineers with a complete set of experimental data that cover material properties, structural performance of fire-damaged SMA RC elements before and after retrofitting, and fire resiliency of seismically-damaged SMA RC joints. The developed numerical tools will bridge the gap between the traditional prescriptive design and the recently adopted objective-based design in Canada and performance-based design in USA while ensuring public safety. Engineers will be able to design retrofit systems for fire-damaged SMA RC structures that ascertain future resiliency, and to consider fire resiliency while conducting seismic design. The proposed research will provide a unique opportunity for 3 PhD candidates, 2 MESc candidates, 5 undergraduate-research students, and 12 undergraduate-work-study students to be the engineers of the future. They will be equipped with unique abilities allowing them to deal with multi-hazards through experimental and/or numerical investigations. Their knowledge, abilities, and skills will allow them to shine in academia and/or consulting activities.