Determining Vulnerability and Resiliance of Fractured Aquifers to Pathogens: A Network-Based Approach

确定破裂含水层对病原体的脆弱性和恢复力：基于网络的方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06440
• 负责人: DicksonAnderson, Sarah
• 金额: $ 4.37万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=749324
• 关键词: Determining; Vulnerability; Resiliance; Fractured; Aquifers

Thirty-three percent of Canadians use groundwater for their drinking water. This number rises to 70% in rural areas. Groundwater can become contaminated by pathogens that make people sick, and this is more likely to occur where the water is stored in karst or fractured rock. Although more than two thirds of groundwater in Canada is stored in these types of rock formations, the Geological Survey of Canada identified their behaviour as one of the most significant groundwater knowledge gaps in Canada. These groundwater stores (aquifers) are influenced by geology, hydrology, and climate as well as human activities, policies, and regulations. Though tools exist for examining, for example, how much water can be taken out of an aquifer, or its vulnerability to pollution, none of these tools adequately incorporate the relationships between all of the factors that affect an aquifer. Consequently, these tools cannot provide a complete picture of aquifer behaviour. Given how many Canadians and industries rely on groundwater, our lack of knowledge of groundwater in fractured rock, and our changing environment, there is a critical need to develop better, integrated, more effective groundwater management tools and strategies. Network models provide an innovative and powerful approach to study and measure complex systems such as an aquifer. They are based on wiring diagrams that mathematically describe interactions (links) between the elements (nodes) that make up a network. This approach has emerged over the last 15 years because the digital revolution has enabled economical collection, organization, sharing, and storage of vast amounts of data. The goal of this research program is to use a network-based approach to establish the relationships (linkages) governing how and where particles (representing pathogens) move in fractured aquifers. These linkages will form the basis for an aquifer network model, which will be used to explore how multiple stresses, threats, hazards, and management scenarios affect potential aquifer contamination. This innovative network model will provide greater insight towards aquifer behaviour in order to provide practitioners with a better means to assess the vulnerability and resilience of fractured rock aquifers to pathogen contamination, the knowledge required for developing sustainable aquifer management plans, and the science needed to develop effective policy. Over the next five years, the proposed research program will train 3 Ph.D., 4 M.A.Sc. and 5 UG students. Ultimately, the long-term objective of the proposed research program is to develop a fully integrated understanding of fractured aquifer behaviour by using the theory of network science to investigate the connections within and between the physical, social, and political systems that collectively govern aquifer behaviour.

33%的加拿大人使用地下水作为饮用水。这一数字在农村地区上升到70%。地下水可能被致病的病原体污染，这种情况更有可能发生在岩溶或破碎岩石中储存的水。尽管加拿大超过三分之二的地下水储存在这些类型的岩层中，但加拿大地质调查局将其行为确定为加拿大最重要的地下水知识差距之一。这些地下水储存（含水层）受到地质，水文和气候以及人类活动，政策和法规的影响。例如，虽然有一些工具可以用来研究含水层中可以抽取多少水，或含水层易受污染的程度，但这些工具都没有充分考虑到影响含水层的所有因素之间的关系。因此，这些工具无法提供含水层行为的全貌。考虑到有多少加拿大人和工业依赖地下水，我们缺乏对裂隙岩石中地下水的了解，以及我们不断变化的环境，迫切需要开发更好，综合，更有效的地下水管理工具和战略。网络模型为研究和测量含水层等复杂系统提供了一种创新而强大的方法。它们基于布线图，这些布线图以数学方式描述了组成网络的元素（节点）之间的相互作用（链接）。这种方法是在过去15年中出现的，因为数字革命使大量数据的经济收集、组织、共享和存储成为可能。本研究计划的目标是使用网络为基础的方法来建立的关系（链接）管理如何以及在哪里的颗粒（代表病原体）在断裂含水层移动。这些联系将构成含水层网络模型的基础，该模型将用于探讨多重压力、威胁、灾害和管理情景如何影响潜在的含水层污染。这种创新的网络模型将提供更深入的了解含水层的行为，以便为从业人员提供更好的手段来评估脆弱性和断裂岩石含水层的病原体污染的恢复能力，制定可持续的含水层管理计划所需的知识，以及制定有效政策所需的科学。在未来五年内，拟议的研究计划将培养3名博士，4名硕士和5名普通大学生。最终，拟议的研究计划的长期目标是开发一个完全集成的理解断裂含水层的行为，通过使用网络科学的理论，调查内部和之间的物理，社会和政治系统，集体管理含水层的行为。