Protecting infrastructure against flow-entrained debris - a new approach

保护基础设施免受流动夹带碎片的影响 - 一种新方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05055
• 负责人: Nistor, Ioan
• 金额: $ 4.62万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=749471
• 关键词: Protecting; infrastructure; against; flow; entrained

Extreme events such as hurricane- and tsunami-induced coastal inundation or inland flash floods have caused wide-spread destruction and claimed thousands of lives while impacting communities located in their path. The Tohoku Tsunami 2011 in Japan and Hurricane Katrina 2005 in the US are examples of such devastating events. Nowadays, warning and evacuation measures rely heavily on accurately forecasting site-specific hazard potential implications at a specific site. The inability to predict the effects of debris impacts and loading on structures remains one of the unsolved problems in hydraulic engineering. The main goals of the current research program are to investigate the mechanisms of debris motion, debris damming and debris impacts on structures and to contribute to the development of new and reliable design standards. Research ideas proposed herein are direct results of observations and findings stemming from field investigations as well as of the criticism and the lack of clarity/validation of the provisions of the current design guidelines and standards with respect to debris motion and impact. The long-term goal is to incorporate the new concepts, methods, and tools developed from this research into the quantification of debris loads and design demand parameters that can be used to improve design guidelines for infrastructure located in flood-prone areas. Additional funding from other grants and unique experimental facilities in Canada (Univ. of Ottawa, Hannover Coastal Research Center-Germany and Waseda Univ.-Japan) will be used to support this research program, which is anticipated to be pursued over the duration of the next decade by the applicant. The results of this research program, one of the very few in the world, will ultimately lead to the development of reliable design guidelines and tools that will be used by engineers and coastal zone managers and planners to properly design coastal and hydraulic infrastructure located in flood-prone areas. Expected Impact This research program is expected to be a step-changing development which will dramatically increase the accuracy of tools and models predicting extreme hydrodynamic and debris loading on structures by incorporating the probabilistic behavior of debris entrained in extreme flows. Pushing the current limits of experimental hydraulics presents great potential to significantly advance the way engineers design critical infrastructure to save lives and protect economic assets when natural hazards occur. The applicant's research work from the previous Discovery grant has been incorporated in the new ASCE7 Chapter 6 design standard for tsunami resistant structures - it is expected that the results of this proposed research program will become valuable additions to these continuously-evolving standards. Finally, this research will result in the training of 3 PhD, 2 MSc and 3 BEng students, who will acquire highly desired, advanced skills in hydraulic and coastal engineering.

飓风和海啸引发的沿海洪水或内陆山洪等极端事件造成了广泛的破坏，并造成数千人死亡，同时影响到位于其路径上的社区。2011年日本东北海啸和2005年美国卡特里娜飓风就是这种破坏性事件的例子。如今，预警和疏散措施在很大程度上依赖于准确预测特定地点的特定危害潜在影响。无法预测泥石流冲击和荷载对结构物的影响是水利工程中尚未解决的问题之一。 目前研究方案的主要目标是调查碎片运动、碎片筑坝和碎片撞击结构的机制，并为制定新的可靠设计标准作出贡献。本文提出的研究设想是实地调查中的观察和调查结果的直接结果，也是对现行设计准则和标准中有关碎片运动和撞击的规定提出批评和缺乏明确性/有效性的直接结果。长期目标是将这项研究开发的新概念、方法和工具纳入碎片载荷和设计需求参数的量化中，这些参数可用于改进洪水易发区基础设施的设计准则。来自加拿大其他赠款和独特实验设施的额外资金（渥太华大学、德国汉诺威海岸研究中心和早稻田大学-日本）将用于支持这项研究计划，预计申请人将在未来十年内继续开展这项研究计划。该研究项目是世界上为数不多的研究项目之一，其结果将最终导致开发可靠的设计指南和工具，供工程师和沿海地区管理人员和规划人员使用，以正确设计位于洪水易发地区的沿海和水利基础设施。 预期的影响这一研究计划预计将是一个逐步变化的发展，将大大提高工具和模型的准确性，预测极端流体动力学和碎片负载的结构，包括碎片夹带在极端流动的概率行为。推动实验水力学的当前极限具有巨大的潜力，可以显著推进工程师设计关键基础设施的方式，以在自然灾害发生时拯救生命并保护经济资产。申请人在之前的发现资助中的研究工作已被纳入新的ASCE 7第6章抗海啸结构设计标准-预计这项拟议研究计划的结果将成为这些不断发展的标准的有价值的补充。最后，这项研究将导致3名博士，2名硕士和3名工程学士学生的培训，他们将获得高度期望的，先进的水利和海岸工程技能。