Physical and numerical modeling of tsunami-induced hydrodynamic forces on structures

海啸引起的结构水动力的物理和数值模拟

• 批准号: 312212-2011
• 负责人: Nistor, Ioan
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=660984
• 关键词: Physical; numerical; modeling; tsunami; induced

Tsunami waves are catastrophic events which can adversely impact communities located in often heavily populated coastal areas around the world, including Canada. Tsunami-induced coastal flooding often leads to numerous casualties and tremendous economic losses. Such extreme waves can propagate thousands of kilometres away from their generating source. Since 80% of tsunamis in the world have occurred in the Pacific Ocean, the western coast of Canada is particularly under threat of tsunami waves attack.** Understanding the impact mechanisms and properly understanding the nature of tsunami-induced extreme hydrodynamic forces on coastal infrastructure and quantifying them is essential because of the enormous economical and social consequences that are characteristic of such disasters. An extensive literature review of the state-of-the-art research on tsunami forces on structures presented by Nistor et al. (2009) indicated that, to date, design documents or building codes that specifically address tsunami loading on near-shoreline structures are lacking.** Therefore, this proposal is focused on the detailed investigation and accurate quantification of tsunami-induced extreme hydrodynamic forces and their impacts on structures by means of: (1) a comprehensive experimental research program focusing on the impact of tsunami-induced hydraulic bores on structural elements and (2) the development of a new mathematical and numerical model capable of accurately simulating the magnitude and transient nature of these hydrodynamic forces, as well as the induced loading on structures. Two MASc students and three Phd studens will work on this research topic** The results of this research project, unique in Canada and one of the few in the world, will ultimately lead to the development of new, reliable design guidelines and tools that will be used by engineers and coastal zone managers and planners to properly design coastal infrastructure located in tsunami-prone areas.******************

海啸波是灾难性事件，可能会对世界各地人口稠密的沿海地区(包括加拿大)的社区造成不利影响。海啸引发的沿海洪灾往往造成大量人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。这样的极端波可以传播到远离其发源地数千公里的地方。由于世界上80%的海啸发生在太平洋，加拿大西海岸尤其受到海啸波袭击的威胁。**了解海啸引发的极端水动力对沿海基础设施的影响机制和适当的性质并将其量化是至关重要的，因为此类灾害具有巨大的经济和社会后果。对Nistor等人提出的关于海啸对建筑物的作用力的最新研究进行了广泛的文献综述。(2009)指出，到目前为止，缺乏专门针对海啸对近岸结构的加载的设计文件或建筑规范。**因此，本建议的重点是通过以下方式详细调查和准确量化海啸引起的极端水动力及其对结构的影响：(1)全面的实验研究计划，侧重于海啸引起的水力钻孔对结构构件的影响；(2)开发能够准确模拟这些水动力的大小和瞬变性质以及对结构的诱导载荷的新的数学和数值模型。两名MASC学生和三名博士生将致力于这一研究课题**这项研究项目的结果在加拿大是独一无二的，也是世界上为数不多的研究项目之一，最终将导致开发新的、可靠的设计指南和工具，工程师、海岸区管理人员和规划者将使用这些指南和工具来适当地设计位于海啸易发地区的沿海基础设施。