Holistic seismic assessment of Eastern Canada's old unreinforced masonry structures

加拿大东部旧无筋砌体结构的整体地震评估

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-03635
• 负责人: Malomo, Daniele
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=749506
• 关键词: Holistic; seismic; assessment; Eastern; Canada

The impact of a damaging earthquake striking Eastern Canada's medium-to-high seismicity cities could be catastrophic. This is largely due to the predominant presence in populous urban centres of vulnerable old (or pre-code) unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings - a relevant share of schools, fire stations, power plants and heritage (or historic) constructions also at the national level - posing a serious threat to our safety, economy and cultural identity. Past research, albeit informative, has not extensively nor systematically addressed this key issue, which undermines disaster preparedness and recovery. The long-term (>5 years) goal of this transformative program is to enhance the seismic resilience of Eastern Canada's old URM buildings, for reducing failure probabilities, consequences and recovery time. To this end, effective seismic risk models and mitigation strategies are needed, but not yet available, given the scattered nature of existing building inventories, the limited knowledge of the structural features of old URM structures and the unknown effects of local high-frequency ground-shakings, as well as the absence of ad-hoc numerical assessment guidelines; engineers still inappropriately rely on steel/concrete analysis techniques. This program addresses these key research gaps by focusing on historic URM structures - a better documented and more accessible typological subset of old buildings with added heritage value, through three specific short-term (<5 years) objectives: I-classification: select representative buildings via typological analysis, enabled by unifying past building inventories into a novel open-access web platform that will allow us to focus on a few key assets and share new knowledge with diverse experts; II-characterization: elucidate structural properties by gathering field evidence via reality capture and in-situ inspection/testing, to substantiate seismic analyses; III-evaluation: assess seismic responses via informed numerical models, to evaluate the impact of local seismicity, recurrent damage mechanisms and the influence of epistemic/statistical uncertainties on predictions, enabling us to identify suitable analysis approaches. In the short-term, this innovative program will produce new knowledge on Eastern Canada's historic URM structures, also applicable to local old URM buildings, and enhance the capacity of engineers to evaluate their seismic response, providing missing guidance on numerical modelling and improving retrofit design. In the long-term, our original contributions have the potential to guide regional seismic risk assessment and mitigation efforts and increase the lifespan of old URM buildings, in line with Canada's strategic priorities (e.g. United Nations 'Agenda of Sustainable Development) and commitments (e.g. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction). Through this program, HQP will receive unique training in fields of increasing demand, enabling them to excel within and beyond academia.

一场破坏性的地震袭击了加拿大东部的中高地震活动城市，其影响可能是灾难性的。这在很大程度上是因为在人口稠密的城市中心主要存在脆弱的旧(或预编码)未加固砖石建筑--相当一部分学校、消防站、发电厂和遗产(或历史)建筑也在国家一级--对我们的安全、经济和文化特征构成了严重威胁。过去的研究虽然内容丰富，但没有广泛或系统地处理这一破坏备灾和灾后恢复的关键问题。这一变革性计划的长期(5年)目标是提高加拿大东部旧URM建筑的抗震能力，以减少故障概率、后果和恢复时间。为此，需要有效的地震风险模型和缓解战略，但由于现有建筑库存非常分散，对旧的城市轨道交通结构特征的了解有限，以及当地高频地面震动的未知影响，以及缺乏特别的数字评估指南，工程师仍然不适当地依赖钢/混凝土分析技术。该计划通过关注历史URM结构来解决这些关键研究空白-通过三个具体的短期目标(5年)，更好地记录和更容易获得的旧建筑的类型子集，增加遗产价值：i-分类：通过类型分析选择代表性建筑，通过将过去的建筑清单统一到一个新的开放访问网络平台，使我们能够专注于几个关键资产并与不同的专家共享新知识；ii-表征：通过实际捕获和现场检查/测试收集现场证据来阐明结构属性，以证实地震分析；III-评估：通过知情的数值模型评估地震反应，以评估当地地震活动的影响、经常性破坏机制以及认知/统计不确定性对预测的影响，使我们能够确定适当的分析方法。在短期内，这一创新计划将产生关于加拿大东部历史上的URM结构的新知识，也适用于当地的旧URM建筑，并增强工程师评估其地震反应的能力，提供关于数值建模和改进改造设计的缺失指导。从长远来看，根据加拿大的战略重点(例如，联合国可持续发展议程)和承诺(例如，仙台减少灾害风险框架)，我们的原创贡献有可能指导地区地震风险评估和缓解工作，并延长旧URM建筑的寿命。通过该计划，HQP将在需求不断增长的领域接受独特的培训，使他们能够在学术界内外脱颖而出。