From Ancient to Active Earthquakes

加拿大人可能不知道我们大多数人生活在地震多发区，但破坏性地震令人惊讶地常见，从西海岸活跃的俯冲板块边界，到西部魁北克地震带鲜为人知的频繁活动，以及落基山脉、马里泰姆山脉和远北地区罕见但意义重大的地震。为了在全国范围内促进地震灾害的抗灾能力，我的目标是通过在科学理解地震发生的原因和控制方面取得根本性进展，以及通过一个关于加拿大东部最近史前地震活动的果断研究计划，同时促进跨学科交流和公共宣传，做出贡献。为了实现这些目标，我将追求三个目标：1.了解对地震周期的控制，重点是破裂传播和地震间愈合，以及这些因素如何影响地震规模和复发间隔。这些研究利用了对出土的古代断裂带的观察，这些断裂带代表了各种各样的深度、温度、岩石类型和构造背景。2.阐明当地震破裂从结晶岩突破到接近地球表面的更软的颗粒状物质时，它们是如何变化的。这些变化不仅影响过去地表断层的地质记录，还控制着场地效应，这些效应决定了地震的强度和频率，以及在同一地震期间不同地点之间的变化。3.将这些方法与地貌分析一起应用于魁北克西部地震带(包括渥太华和蒙特利尔)最近活动的断裂，那里的地震记录很少，但迫切需要进行地震危险性评估。通过这项提议，我的目标是使我的研究计划和免费活动更直接地与将对加拿大和世界各地的生活质量产生更大影响的问题保持一致。关于断层和剪切带的基础地质学研究很少涉及地震科学的影响，所以我打算带领构造地质界解决我们的技能，以满足这一迫切需要的领域。近年来，我将我的研究计划定位为观测野外地质学和其他从事地震科学的分支学科之间重要而独特的联系，以国家和国际层面的持续认可模式为证。在这一领域，我在社区领导方面迈出了重要的一步，领导了一项NSERC-CREATE提案，与人共同创办了一份钻石开放获取期刊，并领导了一个与加拿大地震危险相关的跨学科工作组。如果成功，我的研究小组将通过提供第一个可建模的特定震源来彻底改变魁北克的地震危险性估计，同时为了解深部地震源过程和破裂传播到地球表面的影响做出基础性贡献。

Canadians may not be aware that most of us live in Earthquake Country, but damaging earthquakes are surprisingly common, from the active subduction plate boundary off the west coast, to the poorly understood frequent activity in the Western Que'bec Seismic Zone, and the rare but significant earthquakes in the Rockies, Maritimes and far North. To promote earthquake hazard resilience across the country, I aim to contribute through fundamental advances in scientific understanding of the causes and controls on earthquake occurrence, and through an assertive research program on recent pre-historic earthquake activity in eastern Canada, while promoting interdisciplinary communication and public outreach. To achieve these aims, I will pursue three Objectives: 1. To understand controls on the earthquake cycle, focusing on rupture propagation and interseismic healing, and how these influence earthquake size and recurrence intervals. These studies leverage observations of exhumed, ancient fault zones which represent a wide variety of depths, temperatures, rock types and tectonic settings. 2. To elucidate how earthquake ruptures change when they break through from crystalline rock to softer granular materials near the Earth's surface. These changes not only affect the geologic record of past faulting at the surface, but they also control site effects that determine the intensity and frequency of shaking and how it varies between locations during the same earthquake. 3. To apply these approaches along with geomorphic analysis to identify recently active faults in the Western Quebec Seismic Zone (which includes Ottawa and Montreal), where earthquake records are sparse but urgently needed for seismic hazard estimation. With this proposal, I aim to align my research program and complimentary activities more squarely with issues that will make a higher impact on the quality of life in Canada and around the world. Fundamental geologic studies on faults and shear zones rarely address implications for earthquake science, so I intend to lead the structural geology community in addressing our skills to this area of pressing need. In recent years, I have positioned my research program as an essential and unique link between observational field geology and other subdisciplines engaged in earthquake science toward seismic hazard estimation, as evidenced by a sustained pattern of recognitions at national and international levels. I have taken major steps in community leadership in this area, leading an NSERC-CREATE proposal, co-founding a Diamond Open Access journal, and leading an interdisciplinary working group related to Canadian earthquake hazard. If successful, my research group will revolutionize seismic hazard estimation in Québec by providing the first modellable specific earthquake sources, while making fundamental contributions to knowledge of the deep earthquake source processes and the effects of rupture propagation to Earth's surface.