To further the understanding of upper atmospheric dynamics using existing and future satellite observations

利用现有和未来的卫星观测进一步了解高层大气动力学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05940
• 负责人: Shepherd, Gordon
• 金额: $ 2.63万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=751036
• 关键词: further; understanding; upper; atmospheric; dynamics

This application builds on "the old" to create "the new". In 1991, an instrument of my conception called "The Wind Imaging Interferometer" (WINDII), was launched on NASA's Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite, a field-widened phase-stepping Michelson interferometer. It was built in Canadian industry, in collaboration with France. Funding was from the Canadian Space Agency with the scientific analysis supported by NSERC. Its objective was to measure winds and airglow emission rates of the atmosphere between 85 and 300 km above the Earth's surface. WINDII had a mass of 45 kg, on a 7000 kg satellite, whose size made possible exceptional performance. WINDII operated until 2003, obtaining unique results from some 23 million images of the upper atmosphere, producing 149 refereed publications of which the applicant was the lead author on 28 and co-author on 74. Most recent were by Dhadly et al. (2017,a,b) on winds in the polar atmosphere incorporating ground-based and satellite results in which the WINDII data provided winds not accessible to any other instrument. WINDII has provided new knowledge of the dynamics of the upper atmosphere, through the study of its constituents, and its migrating and non-migrating tides about which little was known before WINDII, and further contributions are to come. In December, 2017, a NASA instrument called MIGHTI will be launched that will provide the first results comparable to WINDII, some 26 years later, revealing the atmospheric changes over that time. Following the success of WINDII, other approaches were considered for future Canadian missions. One supported by the CSA was adding Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS) to the WINDII approach. With this, the phase stepping is accomplished with no moving components and with all phase elements observed simultaneously rather than sequentially. The first version of this was for the measurement of water vapour in the atmosphere and this was flown on a high-altitude balloon and has just been flown on the NASA ER-2 aircraft. As a result we were approached by Dr. Martin Kaufmann of the Juelich Institute of Energy and Climate Reseach in Germany in 2015 for a collaboration on upper atmospheric temperature, including atomic oxygen concentration, and an SHS instrument was jointly designed with their funding. Called AtmoSHINE, it was built in Germany but with no flight opportunity. Through York University contacts with the Beijing Aerospace Control Centre space was found on a Chinese satellite and launch is planned for June, 2018. Thus the proposed work will combine "the new" with "the old" in conducting the following program. 1. Continued analysis of WINDII results, extending the current knowledge for the benefit of Canadians.2. Analysis of AtmoSHINE results on large scale waves in temperature and atomic oxygen concentrations.3. Comparison of WINDII results with those from MIGHTI, taken 26 years later, to assess atmospheric change.

这个应用程序建立在“旧”的基础上，创造“新”。1991年，我构想的一种仪器被称为“风成像干涉仪”（WINDII），搭载在美国宇航局的高层大气研究卫星上，这是一种场加宽相位步进迈克尔逊干涉仪。它是加拿大工业与法国合作建造的。资金来自加拿大航天局，科学分析得到NSERC的支持。其目的是测量地球表面上方85至300公里处大气层的风和气辉发射率。WINDII的质量为45公斤，在一颗7 000公斤的卫星上，其尺寸使其能够发挥出色的性能。WINDII一直运行到2003年，从大约2，300万张高层大气图像中获得了独特的结果，产生了149份经过评审的出版物，其中申请人是28份的主要作者，74份是共同作者。最近的是Dhadly等人（2017，a，B）关于极地大气风的研究，结合了地基和卫星结果，其中WINDII数据提供了任何其他仪器都无法获得的风。WINDII通过研究高层大气的组成及其迁移和非迁移潮汐，提供了有关高层大气动力学的新知识，在WINDII之前，人们对此知之甚少，今后还将作出进一步的贡献。2017年12月，NASA将发射一个名为MIGHTI的仪器，它将提供与WINDII相当的第一个结果，大约26年后，揭示了这段时间的大气变化。 在WINDII取得成功之后，考虑了加拿大今后飞行任务的其他办法。加空局支持的一项措施是在WINDII方法中增加空间外差光谱学。这样，相位步进就可以在没有移动部件的情况下完成，并且所有相位元素都可以同时观察到，而不是顺序观察到。第一个版本是测量大气中的水蒸气，这是在高空气球上飞行的，刚刚在美国航天局ER-2飞机上飞行。 因此，2015年，德国于利希能源与气候研究所的Martin Kaufmann博士与我们接洽，希望就高层大气温度（包括原子氧浓度）进行合作，并在他们的资助下共同设计了一台SHS仪器。它被称为“大气闪耀”，是在德国建造的，但没有飞行机会。通过约克大学与北京航天控制中心的联系，在一颗中国卫星上发现了太空，计划于2018年6月发射。因此，拟议的工作将结合“新”与“旧”的联合收割机进行以下计划。1.继续分析WINDII结果，扩展现有知识，以造福人民。分析大气SHINE结果在温度和原子氧浓度的大尺度波动. WINDII结果与26年后MIGHTI结果的比较，以评估大气变化。