A Framework for Future Power Systems

未来电力系统的框架

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04833
• 负责人: Iravani, Reza
• 金额: $ 5.54万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=751599
• 关键词: Framework; Future; Power; Systems

Worldwide, electrical power generation is predominantly through legacy power plants that use conventional turbine-generator (TG) units. The environmental issues and green-house gas emissions associated with the fossil-fueled power plants and the ongoing increase in  demand for the electrical energy indicate continuous increase in the penetration of renewables, e.g., wind and solar-PV power plants, in the power grid. In the future, even most of the legacy fossil-fuel TG-based generation units will be replaced by renewables as they approach the end of their life-spans. Thus, inevitably the penetration-depth of renewables will gradually and continuously increase and eventually the grid will be supplied close to or even at 100% by renewables. In contrast to the conventional TG units which are directly connected to the grid, the common characteristic of renewable generation units is that they are converter-interfaced (CI) units, i.e., connected to the grid by electronic converters. Furthermore, many other subsystems and apparatus within the grid, e.g., high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter stations, energy storage units, and reactive power compensators, are also CI units. Thus, in the long run, the ratio of electric power handled by CI units to the power generated by TG units in a grid will substantially increase and consequently the operation, control and protection requirements of the grid will be dictated by the CI units. This trend entails a major departure from the current operation, control, and protection strategies of the existing legacy grid which have been developed within the past several decades based on the characteristics of TG units, and therefore can neither best utilize the features of CI units, guarantee stability, nor security of the future grid under high penetration of CI units. These concerns although acknowledged by stakeholders, have been neither fully understood, investigated, nor formulated, and thus no systematic solutions and remedial measures have been developed. The legacy grid's asset which has been developed in the past several decades is worth billions of dollars. Thus the existing grid cannot be dismantled and replaced by a new grid based on the characteristics of CI units. Therefore, there is a need to develop operation, control, and protection strategies to dynamically accommodate and adapt to the continuous evolution of the legacy grid as the penetration of CI units increases. The R&D focus of this grant application is on the system-level controls of the future grid. The research objectives are to i) develop models for analytical and off-line/real-time simulation tools to investigate and reveal the nature of the dynamic phenomena of the future grid, ii) develop control strategies that can adapt to the evolving grid complexities and systematically address stability issues, and iii) enable best asset utilization of the grid as the penetration of CI units increases.

在世界范围内，发电主要是通过使用传统涡轮发电机（TG）单元的传统发电厂。与化石燃料发电厂相关的环境问题和温室气体排放以及对电能需求的持续增加表明可再生能源的渗透率持续增加，风力和太阳能光伏发电厂，在电网中。在未来，即使是大多数传统的化石燃料TG发电机组也将被可再生能源取代，因为它们的寿命即将结束。因此，不可避免地，可再生能源的渗透深度将逐渐持续增加，最终电网将接近或甚至100%由可再生能源供电。与直接连接到电网的常规TG单元相比，可再生发电单元的共同特征是它们是转换器接口（CI）单元，即，通过电子转换器连接到电网。此外，电网内的许多其它子系统和装置，例如，高压直流（HVDC）换流站、能量存储单元和无功功率补偿器也是CI单元。 因此，从长远来看，电网中由CI单元处理的电功率与由TG单元产生的功率的比率将显著增加，因此电网的操作、控制和保护要求将由CI单元决定。这一趋势需要与现有传统电网的当前操作、控制和保护策略的重大偏离，这些策略是基于TG单元的特性在过去几十年内开发的，并且因此既不能最好地利用CI单元的特性，也不能保证未来电网在CI单元的高渗透下的稳定性和安全性。尽管利益攸关方承认这些关切，但这些关切既没有得到充分理解、调查，也没有得到明确阐述，因此没有制定系统的解决办法和补救措施。在过去几十年中开发的传统电网资产价值数十亿美元。因此，现有的网格不能被拆除，并根据CI单元的特性被新的网格取代。因此，需要开发操作、控制和保护策略，以随着CI单元的渗透增加而动态地适应和适应传统网格的持续演进。 这项资助申请的研发重点是未来网格的系统级控制。研究目标是i）开发分析和离线/实时仿真工具的模型，以调查和揭示未来电网动态现象的性质，ii）开发控制策略，可以适应不断变化的电网复杂性，并系统地解决稳定性问题，以及iii）随着CI单元渗透率的增加，实现电网的最佳资产利用率。