Cryoreactions and Arctic marine cryospheric chemistry

低温反应和北极海洋冰冻圈化学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04136
• 负责人: Wang, Feiyue
• 金额: $ 6.7万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=753242
• 关键词: Cryoreactions; Arctic; marine; cryospheric; chemistry

A rapidly changing Arctic Ocean is opening up unprecedented opportunities for socio-economic development; associated with these are unparalleled challenges to protect environmental integrity, ecosystem services, food security and the ways of living for Inuit and other Indigenous peoples. My research program pursues fundamental and applied studies on chemical reactions at or below water-freezing temperatures, known as cryoreactions, and their roles in environmental fate and effects of legacy and emerging contaminants in the Arctic in a changing climate. Over the next five years, I propose to characterize and parameterize chemical reactions occurring at temperature, salinity, pressure, pH, redox, and light conditions resembling those of the Arctic marine cryosphere including sea ice, the overlying snow and underlying seawater. The focus will be on mercury from past and ongoing global emissions, oil spills from increasing marine shipping activities in the Arctic, and the coupled bromine-mercury cryophotochemistry as a potential proxy to reconstruct past sea ice variability in the Arctic Ocean. The research methodology will integrate molecular-level studies at a dedicated cryospheric laboratory under fully controlled conditions at the University of Manitoba and field studies across the Canadian Arctic Ocean (e.g., Hudson Bay, Baffin Bay, Beaufort Sea). Bridging between these two scales are mesocosm-scale studies at the Sea-ice Environmental Research Facility in Winnipeg and the newly operational Churchill Marine Observatory in Churchill, Manitoba. Together with geochemical and global climate-mercury modeling studies, the proposed research will put molecular-level understanding of cryoreactions to work to project past, ongoing, and future changes in the temporally and spatially dynamic Arctic marine cryosphere and their implications for ecosystem and human health. The proposed research program will directly train at least 13 highly qualified personnel, including one research associate, one postdoctoral research fellow, three PhD students, three MSc students, and five senior undergraduate students. Cryoreactions and cryospheric chemistry are new scientific frontiers, with great potentials for fundamental scientific discoveries of new reaction pathways and mechanisms at freezing temperatures. The focus on mercury and oil spills is largely driven by my decade-long engagement with Arctic communities from western Hudson Bay to the High Arctic. The improved understanding of cryospheric chemical processes will allow us to improve the projection of Arctic ecosystem recovery from mercury pollution, to manage and respond to the increasing risk of oil spills in Arctic waters, and to better project future sea ice variability. Collectively, they will support policy-making and technological innovations for pollution control and climate change adaptation in the Canadian Arctic and beyond.

迅速变化的北极海洋正在为社会经济发展开辟前所未有的机会。与这些相关的是保护环境完整性，生态系统服务，粮食安全以及因纽特人和其他土著人民的生活方式的无与伦比的挑战。我的研究计划对水冻结温度（称为冷冻反应，及其在环境命运中的作用及其在北极气候变化中的遗产和新兴污染物的影响）中的化学反应进行基本和应用研究。在接下来的五年中，我建议在温度，盐度，压力，pH，氧化还原和光条件下表征和参数化化学反应，并重新组合北极海洋冰冻圈的化学反应，包括海冰，上覆的雪和下层海水。重点将放在过去和正在进行的全球排放中的汞，北极海洋运输活动增加的漏油以及耦合的溴碳酸氢冰冻化学，作为重建北极海洋上海冰变化的潜在代理。该研究方法将在曼尼托巴大学完全控制的条件下，在加拿大北极海洋（例如，哈德森湾，巴芬湾，博福特海）的现场研究中整合分子级研究，并在全面控制的条件下进行专用的冰冻圈实验室。这两个量表之间的桥接是温尼伯的Sea-Ice环境研究机构和曼尼托巴丘吉尔的新运营的丘吉尔海洋天文台的中间研究。拟议的研究将与地球化学和全球气候 - 梅尔库建模研究一起，使得对冷冻反应的分子级别理解能够投射过去，持续和未来的北极和空间动态海洋冰圈的变化及其对生态系统和人类健康的影响。拟议的研究计划将直接培训至少13名高素质的人员，包括一名研究助理，一名博士后研究员，三名博士生，三名MSC学生和5名高级本科生。冷冻反应和冷冻圈化学是新的科学领域，在冰冻温度下对新反应途径和机制的基本科学发现具有巨大的潜力。对汞和泄漏的关注主要是由于我与从西哈德逊湾到高北极地区的北极社区长达十年的互动所驱动。对Cryospher化学过程的了解，我们能够改善北极生态系统从汞污染中恢复的预测，以管理和应对北极水域漏油风险的增加，并更好地预测未来的海冰变异性。他们总体而言，他们将支持加拿大北极及以后的污染控制和气候变化适应的决策和技术创新。