Arctic marine cryospheric chemistry

北极海洋冰冻圈化学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06000
• 负责人: Wang, Feiyue
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710091
• 关键词: Arctic; marine; cryospheric; chemistry

The Arctic sea ice environment has been undergoing dramatic changes in recent decades. Associated with these changes is improved accessibility to the Arctic region for industrial and socioeconomic development, as well as increased ecological and human health risk posed by chemical contaminants. My research program pursues fundamental and original studies on freezing-temperature (<0C) chemical reactions, or cryo-reactions, occurring in the Arctic marine cryosphere and their climatic, environmental and engineering implications. Over the next five years, my team and I (including two B.Sc., four M.Sc. and four Ph.D. students, and two technicians) will characterize and parameterize chemical reactions occurring at temperature, salinity, and light conditions resembling those of the Arctic marine cryosphere including sea ice, the overlying snow and underlying seawater. The focus will be on cryo-reactions involving carbon dioxide, mercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, because of their respective importance as a greenhouse gas, and as legacy and emerging contaminants of concern in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Most experimental studies will be carried out at a dedicated Arctic Cryospheric Laboratory under fully controlled conditions, whereas microcosm- and mesocosm-scale studies will be performed with “experimental” or natural sea ice at the internationally unique Sea-ice Environmental Research Facility and the Churchill Marine Observatory. The results will allow for the development of a chemical speciation model for cryospheric conditions, which will then be incorporated into circum-Arctic and global chemical transport models to project the fate of carbon dioxide and other contaminants under various emission and climate scenarios. Cryo-reactions and cryospheric chemistry are new scientific frontiers, with great potentials for major scientific discoveries of new reaction pathways and mechanisms at freezing temperatures, and for technological development related to remediation and management of chemical contaminants in the Northern environment. As Northern development is strategically important to the Inuit, all Canadians and the world, this research program will provide urgently needed knowledge to inform and improve policies, practices and adaptation strategies to balance the long-term economic and socio-societal benefits of such development while protecting the Arctic environmental and ecological integrity. The highly qualified personnel trained by this program will be in high demand in industry, governments or academia as we grapple with the unprecedented opportunities and challenges associated with the opening of Canada's Third Ocean.

近几十年来，北极海冰环境一直在发生巨大变化。与这些变化相关的是改善工业和社会经济发展的北极地区的可访问性，以及化学污染物带来的生态和人类健康风险。我的研究计划在北极海洋冷冻层及其冷冻气候，环境和工程意义中进行了有关冰冻温度（<0C）化学反应或冷冻反应的基本和原始研究。在接下来的五年中，我和我的团队（包括两个学士学位，四个硕士学位和四个博士学位的学生以及两项技术）将表征和参数化在温度，盐度和光条件下发生的化学反应，类似于北极海洋冰圈的化学反应，包括海冰，包括大雪，雪和海水下方。重点将放在涉及二氧化碳，汞和多环芳烃的冷冻反应上，因为它们作为温室气体的重要性以及北极海洋生态系统中关注的遗产和新兴污染物。大多数实验研究将在完全控制的条件下在专用的北极冰圈实验室进行，而在国际独特的Sea-Ice环境研究设施和丘吉尔海洋天文台的“实验性”或天然海冰中，微观界和中心尺度研究将使用“实验性”或天然海冰进行。结果将允许开发用于冰圈条件的化学规范模型，然后将其纳入北极和全球化学转运模型中，以在各种排放和气候场景下投射二氧化碳和其他污染物的命运。 冷冻反应和冷冻化学是新的科学领域，在冰点温度下对新的反应途径和机制的主要科学发现以及与北部环境中化学污染物的补救和管理有关的技术开发具有巨大的潜力。由于北方发展在战略上对因纽特人，所有加拿大人和世界都重要，因此该研究计划将提供急需的知识，以提供和改善政策，实践和适应策略，以平衡这种发展的长期经济和社会益处，同时保护北极环境和生态完整性。通过该计划培训的高素质人员将在工业，政府或学术界的需求量很高，因为我们应对与开放加拿大第三海的前所未有的机遇和挑战。